Instructional Design |
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,(2.2) Which of the following best describes why Response D is correct because Maslow's hierarchy of needs categorizes five
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is important in relation to levels of needs - physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-
adult actualization - that people fulfill at different times, which means that people are
learning? (Choose the best response.) motivated by different things.
a. Adult learners learn differently from children, and five
key principles affect how adults learn: selfconcept,
prior experience, readiness to learn, orientation to
learning, and motivation.
b. To predict and control behavior, stimuli are linked to
responses. The approach is based on the premise
that learning occurs primarily through reinforcement of
desired responses—meaning "rewards."
c. In this didactic model, someone "telling" the
information leads a formal learning session—usually in
lecture format.
d. Five levels of needs indicate that a person can
achieve a higher level of need only after lower levels
are satisfied, which suggests that people are motivated
by different factors—factors that may be
unknown or difficult to discern.
(2.2) In the field of training and development, what is Response A is correct because Malcolm Knowles was one of the first
Malcolm Knowles's key contribution to adult learning? researchers to propose that adults learn differently from children. To indicate
(Choose the best response.) the differences, Knowles popularized the terms andragogy and pedagogy.
a. Andragogy
b. Pedagogy
c. The whole brain model
d. Accelerated learning
(2.2) Which of the following is NOT an adult learning Response C is correct because age level and curriculum are not two of the five
characteristic based on the andragogy model? key principles of andragogy.
(Choose
the best response.)
a. As people mature, they develop a psychological
need to be self-directed.
b. As people mature, they accumulate experience and
knowledge, which becomes a resource for
learning.
c. As people mature, their readiness to learn is directly
related to age level and curriculum.
d. As people mature, their motivation to learn becomes
increasingly internal.
, (2.2) Adult development theories are concerned with Response A is correct because adult development theories relate to how
______________. (Choose the option that completes the adults' learning needs, preferences, and abilities change as they age.
sentence accurately.)
a. How adults change as they age and the effect of age
on learning
b. How adults' motivation becomes more internalized
as they age and the effect on learning
c. How adults think with both sides of their brains but
have a strong preference for one side or the other
d. How adults have learning preferences that fall into
the three categories: visual, auditory, and
kinesthetic
(2.2) Cognitivism is an approach based on the principle Response C is correct because cognitivism concerns itself with the
that ______________. (Choose the option that organization of memory and thinking based on a model of the mind as an
completes the sentence accurately.) information-processing system.
a. Adults learn most effectively when learning is
organized by cognitive, psychomotor, and affective
outcomes starting from the simplest behavior and
going to the most complex.
b. Adults are concerned with discovering the
relationship between stimuli and responses to predict
and
control behavior.
c. Learning occurs primarily through exposure to
logically presented information and concerns the
organization of memory and thinking.
d. Learning needs change as adults mature.
(2.2) According to the VAK model, which of the Response C is correct because hands-on activities are an example of taking in
following elements should be included in instruction information by doing and touching, which is the preference of the kinesthetic
for learner in the VAK model.
kinesthetic learners? (Choose the best response.)
a. Visuals such as pictures and diagrams
b. Lectures
c. Hands-on activities
d. Music
(2.2) Which of the following theories and models is Response A is correct because Howard Gardner suggested that intelligence is
associated with Howard Gardner? (Choose the best multifaceted and that traditional intelligence measures are not capable of
response.) measuring all its facets.
a. Multiple intelligences
b. Hierarchy of needs
c. Neurolinguistic programming
d. Accelerated learning
(2.2) An employee who finds it easier to learn a new Response D is correct because reading a manual is taking in information by
concept through using a manual learns best seeing it, which is classified as visual learning in the VAK model.
through______________. (Choose the best response.)
a. Auditory learning
b. Kinesthetic learning
c. Tactile learning
d. Visual learning