NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers
(Grade A+)
Question 1: Prodrug
Answer: An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical
reactions once it is inside the body. -Cytochrome P450 -Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
Question 2: Bioavailability
Answer: the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used -Attected by route of
administration and drug dosage -Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation) -Steady state concentration
-Attected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass
Question 3: Steady state (of a drug)
Answer: stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives of the drug -rate of drug being added to
system is equal to amount being eliminated from system
Question 4: Pharmacokinet- ics
Answer: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabo- lized, and
excreted. -what the body does to the drug
Question 5: First pass
Answer: the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through the liver before entering other organs
Question 6: Bioequivalence
Answer: relative therapeutic ettectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs. Does not attect bioavailability
Question 7: Bioavailability (is affected by)
Answer: -chemical instability -solubility -first pass metabolism
Question 8: Cytochrome P450 System
Answer: -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic compounds, including drugs and products
of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin, principally in the liver. -genetics influence presence of
enzymes -attects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins. -the levels of these
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, Question 8 (continued)
drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin with omeprazole) because
there is competition for enzyme metabolism. -inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.
Question 9: cytochrome p450 inducer
Answer: An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate resulting in a decreased level or ettect of the
substrate
Question 10: cytochrome p450 inhibitor
Answer: An inhibitor decreases the metabolism of a substrate resulting in an increased level or ettect of the
substrate.
Question 11: HCAP
Answer: Healthcare-associated pneumonia
Question 12: Clopidogrel
Answer: -Plavix -prodrug that must be activated by hepatic CYP2C19 metabolism -individuals who are
poor metabolizers may not form the active metabolite and have reduced antiplatelet response
Question 13: how often a drug is administered
Answer: half-life (deter- mines)
Question 14: How long does it take to reach a steady?
Answer: 4-5 times the half-life
Question 15: Warfarin (MOA)
Answer: -Vitamin K antagonist -Factors II, VII, IX, X -takes several days to take ettect -monitor INR
Question 16: Vitamin K
Answer: warfarin antidote
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(Grade A+)
Question 1: Prodrug
Answer: An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical
reactions once it is inside the body. -Cytochrome P450 -Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
Question 2: Bioavailability
Answer: the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used -Attected by route of
administration and drug dosage -Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation) -Steady state concentration
-Attected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass
Question 3: Steady state (of a drug)
Answer: stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives of the drug -rate of drug being added to
system is equal to amount being eliminated from system
Question 4: Pharmacokinet- ics
Answer: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabo- lized, and
excreted. -what the body does to the drug
Question 5: First pass
Answer: the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through the liver before entering other organs
Question 6: Bioequivalence
Answer: relative therapeutic ettectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs. Does not attect bioavailability
Question 7: Bioavailability (is affected by)
Answer: -chemical instability -solubility -first pass metabolism
Question 8: Cytochrome P450 System
Answer: -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic compounds, including drugs and products
of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin, principally in the liver. -genetics influence presence of
enzymes -attects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins. -the levels of these
Page 1
, Question 8 (continued)
drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin with omeprazole) because
there is competition for enzyme metabolism. -inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.
Question 9: cytochrome p450 inducer
Answer: An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate resulting in a decreased level or ettect of the
substrate
Question 10: cytochrome p450 inhibitor
Answer: An inhibitor decreases the metabolism of a substrate resulting in an increased level or ettect of the
substrate.
Question 11: HCAP
Answer: Healthcare-associated pneumonia
Question 12: Clopidogrel
Answer: -Plavix -prodrug that must be activated by hepatic CYP2C19 metabolism -individuals who are
poor metabolizers may not form the active metabolite and have reduced antiplatelet response
Question 13: how often a drug is administered
Answer: half-life (deter- mines)
Question 14: How long does it take to reach a steady?
Answer: 4-5 times the half-life
Question 15: Warfarin (MOA)
Answer: -Vitamin K antagonist -Factors II, VII, IX, X -takes several days to take ettect -monitor INR
Question 16: Vitamin K
Answer: warfarin antidote
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