CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN CANADA 8TH EDITION
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is Malum in Se?
Answer: Acts that are inherently wrong or evil regardless of the law
(e.g., murder, robbery, kidnapping, sexual assault).
◉ What is Malum Prohibitum?
Answer: Acts that are illegal because the government has made them
illegal (e.g., speeding, dangerous driving, licensing offences).
◉ What are summary offences?
Answer: Less serious offences with lower penalties and faster court
processes.
◉ What are indictable offences?
Answer: The most serious offences with higher penalties and formal
court procedures.
◉ What are hybrid offences?
Answer: Offences where the Crown decides whether to proceed by
summary or indictable conviction.
, ◉ What is the role of police?
Answer: Prevent crime, enforce the law, investigate offences, and
arrest suspects.
◉ What is the role of the courts?
Answer: Determine guilt, protect the rights of the accused, ensure
fair trials, and interpret/apply the law.
◉ What is the role of corrections?
Answer: Carry out sentences, supervise offenders, provide
rehabilitation, and help offenders reintegrate into society.
◉ What is the crime funnel?
Answer: The process showing how the number of cases decreases as
they move through the criminal justice system because of police
discretion, unsolved crimes, withdrawn charges, and community
sentences.
◉ Why is the crime funnel important?
Answer: It demonstrates that not all crimes lead to arrest, not every
arrest leads to conviction, not every conviction leads to
incarceration, and the justice system focuses on the most serious
offenders.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is Malum in Se?
Answer: Acts that are inherently wrong or evil regardless of the law
(e.g., murder, robbery, kidnapping, sexual assault).
◉ What is Malum Prohibitum?
Answer: Acts that are illegal because the government has made them
illegal (e.g., speeding, dangerous driving, licensing offences).
◉ What are summary offences?
Answer: Less serious offences with lower penalties and faster court
processes.
◉ What are indictable offences?
Answer: The most serious offences with higher penalties and formal
court procedures.
◉ What are hybrid offences?
Answer: Offences where the Crown decides whether to proceed by
summary or indictable conviction.
, ◉ What is the role of police?
Answer: Prevent crime, enforce the law, investigate offences, and
arrest suspects.
◉ What is the role of the courts?
Answer: Determine guilt, protect the rights of the accused, ensure
fair trials, and interpret/apply the law.
◉ What is the role of corrections?
Answer: Carry out sentences, supervise offenders, provide
rehabilitation, and help offenders reintegrate into society.
◉ What is the crime funnel?
Answer: The process showing how the number of cases decreases as
they move through the criminal justice system because of police
discretion, unsolved crimes, withdrawn charges, and community
sentences.
◉ Why is the crime funnel important?
Answer: It demonstrates that not all crimes lead to arrest, not every
arrest leads to conviction, not every conviction leads to
incarceration, and the justice system focuses on the most serious
offenders.
