PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NUR 315 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | NUR 315 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Nucleus - ANS✔✔ Where DNA is found
Has all nuclei acid
RBC = no nucleus
Ribosomes - ANS✔✔ Where proteins are made from mRNA
Golgi complex - ANS✔✔ Packages chemicals to secrete
Lysosomes - ANS✔✔ Digestive enzymes
Perioxisomes - ANS✔✔ Help oxidize things
Mitochondria - ANS✔✔ Makes ATP
Cell membranes - ANS✔✔ Provide boundaries
Control traffic
Semi-permeable
,Involved in packaging
Diffusion - ANS✔✔ Movement down concentration gradient
Fat soluble things, some gases, small uncharged ions can diffuse through
K+ high inside cell = diffuse out
Na+ high outside cell = diffuse in
Osmosis - ANS✔✔ Movement of water
Active transport - ANS✔✔ Mechanism used to move things that can't diffuse through
membrane across membrane
Uses energy (ATP)
Na+/K+ ATPase - ANS✔✔ Uses ATP for energy
Hypoxia (**exam) - ANS✔✔ Hypoxic person will make less ATP so Na+/K+ pump doesn't work
properly = sodium + water will accumulate inside the cells (sodium brings water with it) causing
swelling/edema of cells
During hypoxic states, dramatically less ATP is produced leading to intracellular edema
throughout body
Cell communication - ANS✔✔ Contact signaling: some release transmitter & attach to receptor
, Remote signaling: messenger floats around to reach other cell (WBCs)
Contact signaling via gap junctions: nervous system
Neurotransmitters - ANS✔✔ Released from neurons across synapse to receptor, followed by re-
uptake to be recycled
Chemotaxis - ANS✔✔ Neutrophils (WBC) attracted to bacterial chemical products
Sends message to neutrophils to attract them
Cellular metabolism - ANS✔✔ Presence O2 as we metabolize carbs increases production of ATP
by 19x
Na+/K+ ATPase - ANS✔✔ Energy dependent pump in plasma membrane
Pumps Na+ out & K+ in
Phagocytosis - ANS✔✔ Neutrophils ingest invading pathogens in order to defend body agains
bacteria
Macrophage - ANS✔✔ WBC responsible for killing microbes
Wander between tissues/cells looking for debris
ANSWERS | NUR 315 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Nucleus - ANS✔✔ Where DNA is found
Has all nuclei acid
RBC = no nucleus
Ribosomes - ANS✔✔ Where proteins are made from mRNA
Golgi complex - ANS✔✔ Packages chemicals to secrete
Lysosomes - ANS✔✔ Digestive enzymes
Perioxisomes - ANS✔✔ Help oxidize things
Mitochondria - ANS✔✔ Makes ATP
Cell membranes - ANS✔✔ Provide boundaries
Control traffic
Semi-permeable
,Involved in packaging
Diffusion - ANS✔✔ Movement down concentration gradient
Fat soluble things, some gases, small uncharged ions can diffuse through
K+ high inside cell = diffuse out
Na+ high outside cell = diffuse in
Osmosis - ANS✔✔ Movement of water
Active transport - ANS✔✔ Mechanism used to move things that can't diffuse through
membrane across membrane
Uses energy (ATP)
Na+/K+ ATPase - ANS✔✔ Uses ATP for energy
Hypoxia (**exam) - ANS✔✔ Hypoxic person will make less ATP so Na+/K+ pump doesn't work
properly = sodium + water will accumulate inside the cells (sodium brings water with it) causing
swelling/edema of cells
During hypoxic states, dramatically less ATP is produced leading to intracellular edema
throughout body
Cell communication - ANS✔✔ Contact signaling: some release transmitter & attach to receptor
, Remote signaling: messenger floats around to reach other cell (WBCs)
Contact signaling via gap junctions: nervous system
Neurotransmitters - ANS✔✔ Released from neurons across synapse to receptor, followed by re-
uptake to be recycled
Chemotaxis - ANS✔✔ Neutrophils (WBC) attracted to bacterial chemical products
Sends message to neutrophils to attract them
Cellular metabolism - ANS✔✔ Presence O2 as we metabolize carbs increases production of ATP
by 19x
Na+/K+ ATPase - ANS✔✔ Energy dependent pump in plasma membrane
Pumps Na+ out & K+ in
Phagocytosis - ANS✔✔ Neutrophils ingest invading pathogens in order to defend body agains
bacteria
Macrophage - ANS✔✔ WBC responsible for killing microbes
Wander between tissues/cells looking for debris
