6. COORDINATION IN HUMANS
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
· They both transmit information around the body and control responses
Nervous Endocrine
Type of signal Electrical Chemical
Transmitter Nerve cells Hormones in bloodstream
Speed of transmission Very fast Slow
Length of effect Short Long
Location of effect Localised Widespread
Effector Muscles or glands Target cells in specific tissues
Made up of: Nerves, CNS Glands
THE NEURONE
· Nerve cell
· A bundle of neurones is called nerve
· Dendron: Extension of the cytoplasm of a neurone that carries impulses towards the cell body
· Dendrite: Fine extensions of the dendrons
· Synapse: Junctions with other dendrons and dendrites of other neurones
· Axon: Long extension (so less time than one cell to another) of a neurone that carries nerve impulses in a
direction away from the cell body to the effector organ. It divides into many nerve endings
· Neuromuscular junction: Synapse of a nerve cell on a muscle, connected with the axon
· Myelin sheath: Covering made of a lipid material that surrounds and insulates the axon to prevent ‘short
circuits’ with other axons and speeds up the impulses. The membranes of these cells wrap themselves
around
MOTOR NEURONE SENSORY NEURONE RELAY NEURONE
To the CNS
From the sensory receptors
· Motor neurone: Nerve cell that
transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
· Sensory neurone: Nerve cell which carries impulses from a receptor into the CNS
· Relay neurone: Short nerve cell that connects SN with a MT in the CNS
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
· Brain and spinal cord
Receptor Type of energy received
Eye (sight, retina) Light
Ear (hearing) Sound
Ear (balance) Mechanical
Tongue (taste) Chemical
Nose (smell) Chemical
Skin (touch, pressure, pain receptors) Mechanical
Skin (temperature receptors) Heat
Muscle (stretch receptors) Mechanical
- The receptors in our sense organs detect a stimulus
NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
· They both transmit information around the body and control responses
Nervous Endocrine
Type of signal Electrical Chemical
Transmitter Nerve cells Hormones in bloodstream
Speed of transmission Very fast Slow
Length of effect Short Long
Location of effect Localised Widespread
Effector Muscles or glands Target cells in specific tissues
Made up of: Nerves, CNS Glands
THE NEURONE
· Nerve cell
· A bundle of neurones is called nerve
· Dendron: Extension of the cytoplasm of a neurone that carries impulses towards the cell body
· Dendrite: Fine extensions of the dendrons
· Synapse: Junctions with other dendrons and dendrites of other neurones
· Axon: Long extension (so less time than one cell to another) of a neurone that carries nerve impulses in a
direction away from the cell body to the effector organ. It divides into many nerve endings
· Neuromuscular junction: Synapse of a nerve cell on a muscle, connected with the axon
· Myelin sheath: Covering made of a lipid material that surrounds and insulates the axon to prevent ‘short
circuits’ with other axons and speeds up the impulses. The membranes of these cells wrap themselves
around
MOTOR NEURONE SENSORY NEURONE RELAY NEURONE
To the CNS
From the sensory receptors
· Motor neurone: Nerve cell that
transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
· Sensory neurone: Nerve cell which carries impulses from a receptor into the CNS
· Relay neurone: Short nerve cell that connects SN with a MT in the CNS
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
· Brain and spinal cord
Receptor Type of energy received
Eye (sight, retina) Light
Ear (hearing) Sound
Ear (balance) Mechanical
Tongue (taste) Chemical
Nose (smell) Chemical
Skin (touch, pressure, pain receptors) Mechanical
Skin (temperature receptors) Heat
Muscle (stretch receptors) Mechanical
- The receptors in our sense organs detect a stimulus
