STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
TEST BANK FOR: MCCANCE:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE
BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE
IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH
EDITION BY KATHRYN L
MCCANCE, SUE E HUETHER
ISBN-10; 0275972488/ISBN-13; 978-
0275972486
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 1 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 2 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 3 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to
ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 4 of 519
TEST BANK FOR: MCCANCE:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE
BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE
IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH
EDITION BY KATHRYN L
MCCANCE, SUE E HUETHER
ISBN-10; 0275972488/ISBN-13; 978-
0275972486
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 1 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 2 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 3 of 519
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to
ACTH. Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
COURSEROOMSITY ‐ Stuvia | Page 4 of 519
