HSC 310 Study Cards exam 1 Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
What does human development study?
How people change and stay the same throughout life.
Why is human development multidisciplinary?
It uses ideas and research from several fields.
What is nature in human development?
The influence of inherited genes.
What is nurture in human development?
The influence of environment, upbringing, and experiences.
What is the nature vs. nurture question?
How genes and experiences contribute to development.
What is continuous development?
Change that happens gradually and smoothly.
What is discontinuous development?
Change that occurs in distinct stages or shifts.
What is universal development?
Development that follows a similar pattern across people and settings.
What is context-specific development?
Development that differs depending on a person's circumstances and environment.
What are the four forces in the biopsychosocial framework?
Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and life-cycle forces.
What are biological forces?
, Genetic and health-related influences on development.
What are psychological forces?
Influences involving thinking, emotions, perception, and personality.
What are sociocultural forces?
Influences from relationships, society, ethnicity, and culture.
What are life-cycle forces?
How the same event affects people differently at different ages.
Who is associated with the origins of psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud.
What does psychodynamic theory emphasize?
Internal conflicts and challenges that shape personality.
Who proposed a lifespan theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson.
What is the epigenetic principle in Erikson's theory?
Development follows an ordered sequence of stages that build on earlier stages.
Who is associated with operant conditioning?
B. F. Skinner.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning in which consequences make a behavior more or less likely.
What does reinforcement do?
Increases the likelihood of a behavior.
What does punishment do?
Decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
What does positive mean in operant conditioning?
Something is added.
What does negative mean in operant conditioning?
Verified Correct Answers
What does human development study?
How people change and stay the same throughout life.
Why is human development multidisciplinary?
It uses ideas and research from several fields.
What is nature in human development?
The influence of inherited genes.
What is nurture in human development?
The influence of environment, upbringing, and experiences.
What is the nature vs. nurture question?
How genes and experiences contribute to development.
What is continuous development?
Change that happens gradually and smoothly.
What is discontinuous development?
Change that occurs in distinct stages or shifts.
What is universal development?
Development that follows a similar pattern across people and settings.
What is context-specific development?
Development that differs depending on a person's circumstances and environment.
What are the four forces in the biopsychosocial framework?
Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and life-cycle forces.
What are biological forces?
, Genetic and health-related influences on development.
What are psychological forces?
Influences involving thinking, emotions, perception, and personality.
What are sociocultural forces?
Influences from relationships, society, ethnicity, and culture.
What are life-cycle forces?
How the same event affects people differently at different ages.
Who is associated with the origins of psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud.
What does psychodynamic theory emphasize?
Internal conflicts and challenges that shape personality.
Who proposed a lifespan theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson.
What is the epigenetic principle in Erikson's theory?
Development follows an ordered sequence of stages that build on earlier stages.
Who is associated with operant conditioning?
B. F. Skinner.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning in which consequences make a behavior more or less likely.
What does reinforcement do?
Increases the likelihood of a behavior.
What does punishment do?
Decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
What does positive mean in operant conditioning?
Something is added.
What does negative mean in operant conditioning?
