MICR*3230 Midterm | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Question:
Immunology
Answer:
Is the study of the body's defense against infection.
Immune = resistant to infection
Latin immunis = exempt
Question:
Immune Response
Answer:
Is the mechanism by which organisms defend themselves against foreign particles or
microorganisms
Question:
Immunity
Answer:
is the state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen
Question:
Immune susceptibility
Answer:
is the lack of immunity to foreign invaders
Question:
Variolation
Answer:
The practice of exposing a person to pus or scabs derived from a person infected with
smallpox in order to produce a weak infection.
Exposing healthy individuals to material from smallpox sores to induce a mild, protective
infection to grant immunity - done by Edward Jenner
,Question:
How successful was variolation?
Answer:
1-2% fatality rate vs. 30% in naturally acquired infections
Question:
Drawbacks of variolation
Answer:
Still infected with smallpox and a variolated person could start on outbreak of smallpox
Question:
What was the first live vaccine?
Answer:
For the cowpox vaccine made by Edward Jenner
Question:
What did Edward Jenner Hypothesize about
cowpox/smallpox?
Answer:
- He noticed unsuccessful variolation of farmers exposed to cowpox, so he
hypothesized cowpox provided protection against smallpox
Question:
How did Edward Jenner discover the smallpox vaccine?
Answer:
He inoculated an 8 year old boy with cowpox pus to get smallpox immunity
Question:
Why was cowpox able to grant immunity against smallpox?
Answer:
- because they are both viruses that are part of the same family (pox causing virus)
- cowpox is not as deadly as smallpox
,Question:
would there immunity from smallpox if cowpox wasn't part of
the same viral family?
Answer:
No because immune responses are very specific
Question:
what is a live vaccine?
Answer:
Live vaccines b/c they got the pus straight from the sources (was not created in a lab or
worked on in lab)
Question:
Germ Theory of Diseases
Answer:
- Is the idea that infectious diseases are caused by specific microorganisms
- every infectious disease is linked to a specific pathogen
- Koch's postulates
Question:
Koch's Postulates
Answer:
1. Isolation of a microorganism from a diseased host
2. Infection of healthy host with the isolated microorganism
3. Subsequent onset of the same disease found in the diseased host
4. Isolation of an identical microorganism from the infected host
this is important for vaccine development
Question:
Pasteur's Bacterial Cultures
Answer:
- aged cholera bacteria is given to a healthy host to give immunity (overtime bacteria
ages and weakens)
, - if fresh cholera bacteria is given to a healthy with no immunity host they will die
Question:
Attenuated Vaccines
Answer:
Is a weakened bacteria
Question:
what was the first attenuated vaccine?
Answer:
Cholera vaccine
Question:
The humoral theory of immunology
Answer:
- Serum proteins or antibodies (passive immunity)
- serum of toxin-exposed guinea pigs is protective against later exposure to a lethal dose
of toxin from the same genetic strain of bacteria, but not a different strain
Question:
what are the 2 types of immunity?
Answer:
1. Innate Immunity (first to kick in)
2. Adaptive Immunity (antibody response)
Question:
The Cellular Theory of Immunology
Answer:
There is only one constant element in immunity, whether innate or acquired, and that is
phagocytosis. The extension and importance of this factor can no longer be denied -E lie
Metchnikoff's
Question:
Answers
Question:
Immunology
Answer:
Is the study of the body's defense against infection.
Immune = resistant to infection
Latin immunis = exempt
Question:
Immune Response
Answer:
Is the mechanism by which organisms defend themselves against foreign particles or
microorganisms
Question:
Immunity
Answer:
is the state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen
Question:
Immune susceptibility
Answer:
is the lack of immunity to foreign invaders
Question:
Variolation
Answer:
The practice of exposing a person to pus or scabs derived from a person infected with
smallpox in order to produce a weak infection.
Exposing healthy individuals to material from smallpox sores to induce a mild, protective
infection to grant immunity - done by Edward Jenner
,Question:
How successful was variolation?
Answer:
1-2% fatality rate vs. 30% in naturally acquired infections
Question:
Drawbacks of variolation
Answer:
Still infected with smallpox and a variolated person could start on outbreak of smallpox
Question:
What was the first live vaccine?
Answer:
For the cowpox vaccine made by Edward Jenner
Question:
What did Edward Jenner Hypothesize about
cowpox/smallpox?
Answer:
- He noticed unsuccessful variolation of farmers exposed to cowpox, so he
hypothesized cowpox provided protection against smallpox
Question:
How did Edward Jenner discover the smallpox vaccine?
Answer:
He inoculated an 8 year old boy with cowpox pus to get smallpox immunity
Question:
Why was cowpox able to grant immunity against smallpox?
Answer:
- because they are both viruses that are part of the same family (pox causing virus)
- cowpox is not as deadly as smallpox
,Question:
would there immunity from smallpox if cowpox wasn't part of
the same viral family?
Answer:
No because immune responses are very specific
Question:
what is a live vaccine?
Answer:
Live vaccines b/c they got the pus straight from the sources (was not created in a lab or
worked on in lab)
Question:
Germ Theory of Diseases
Answer:
- Is the idea that infectious diseases are caused by specific microorganisms
- every infectious disease is linked to a specific pathogen
- Koch's postulates
Question:
Koch's Postulates
Answer:
1. Isolation of a microorganism from a diseased host
2. Infection of healthy host with the isolated microorganism
3. Subsequent onset of the same disease found in the diseased host
4. Isolation of an identical microorganism from the infected host
this is important for vaccine development
Question:
Pasteur's Bacterial Cultures
Answer:
- aged cholera bacteria is given to a healthy host to give immunity (overtime bacteria
ages and weakens)
, - if fresh cholera bacteria is given to a healthy with no immunity host they will die
Question:
Attenuated Vaccines
Answer:
Is a weakened bacteria
Question:
what was the first attenuated vaccine?
Answer:
Cholera vaccine
Question:
The humoral theory of immunology
Answer:
- Serum proteins or antibodies (passive immunity)
- serum of toxin-exposed guinea pigs is protective against later exposure to a lethal dose
of toxin from the same genetic strain of bacteria, but not a different strain
Question:
what are the 2 types of immunity?
Answer:
1. Innate Immunity (first to kick in)
2. Adaptive Immunity (antibody response)
Question:
The Cellular Theory of Immunology
Answer:
There is only one constant element in immunity, whether innate or acquired, and that is
phagocytosis. The extension and importance of this factor can no longer be denied -E lie
Metchnikoff's
Question:
