TNCC STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS/ACTUAL EXAMS 2025-2026
What roles are vital to a trauma team? - ANSWER-1. Patient
2. Team leader
3. Core team
4. Contingency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team? - ANSWER-1. Clear roles
and responsibilities
2. Shared mental model
3. Optimize resources
4. Strong team leadership
5. Engage in regular discipline of feedback
6. Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
7. Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
8. Manage and optimize performance outcomes
9. Interdependent and adaptive
What are the key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the
trauma patient? - ANSWER-1. Communication
2. Cooperation
3. Coordination
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team member?
What are the benefits of each? - ANSWER-1. *SBAR:* Situation, Background,
Assessment, Recommendations-To provide a framework for communication
among members of the healthcare team
,2. *DESC:* Describe the specific situation or behavior, Express your concerns
or how the situation makes you feel, Suggest alternatives and seek
agreement, state Consequences in terms of impact on performance goals-
Used in conflict management, paraphrasing the other person's comments is
an important technique that should be done throughout the DESC support
3. *CUS:* I am Concerned, I am Uncomfortable, This is a Safety issue/I am
Stressed-Used to "stop the line" if a team member senses or discovers an
essential safety breach
Kinematics - ANSWER-The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying
actual or potential injuries
Biomechanics - ANSWER-The general study of forces and their effects
Mechanism of Injury - ANSWER-How external energy forces in the
environment are transferred to the body
Newton's First Law of Motion - ANSWER-A body rest will remain at rest, and a
body in motion will stay in motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion - ANSWER-Force = mass x acceleration
Newton's Third Law of Motion - ANSWER-For every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction
Law of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER-Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, but can change form
,Describe how Newton's Laws of Motion and the Law of Conservation affect
energy transfer in traumatic injury, and give an example - ANSWER--1st:
weight and speed are reasonable substitutions for mass and velocity, higher
mass and/or higher speed delivers greater energy
-2nd: an object's velocity changes when it is subjected to an external force;
heavier objects require more force to accelerate (or decelerate) them
-3rd:
-Conservation:
Ex: pot vs. child
-1st: the force of gravity holds the pot on the flat stovetop until energy is
transferred to the pot, such as by a toddler, grabbing the handle.Once the
pot is in motion, it will sustain its motion until interrupted by another force.
As the pot strikes the child in the head, the strength of bone imposes a force
of resistance upon impact, thereby changing the directional path of the pot.
The stationary head stays in a fixed position until a volume of energy
adequate to move the head is transferred to it. This concept of movement-
energy transfer-countermovement applies to all mechanical traumas
-2nd: the pot continues to fall at a steady rate unless it is acted on by an
outside force (a hand pushing it out of the way or catching it)
-3rd: the transfer causes a redirection of the pot and movement of the head,
as well as energy absorption causing anatomic changes to the tissue that
received the energy transfer
-Conservation: energy is not created, nor it is destroyed at the site where the
pot impacts the head. Instead, energy is transferred from the kinetic
(moving) object to the object being impacted
What are the five forms in which energy exist? - ANSWER-1. *Mechanical:*
energy transfer form one object to another in the form of motion
2. *Thermal:* energy transfer of heat in the environment to the host
3. *Chemical:* heat energy transfer from active chemical substances,
chlorine, drain cleaner, acids, or plants
4. *Electrical:* energy transfer from light socket, power lines, or lightning
, 5. *Radiant:* energy transfer from blast sound waves, radioactivity such as a
nuclear facility, or rays of the sun
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the
context of trauma - ANSWER-*External forces:*
-Can be exerted on the body by deceleration, acceleration, compression
forces
-Deceleration forces include those applied in falls and collisions where
injuries are cause by a sudden stop in the body's motion
-Acceleration forces are not as common as deceleration forces and result
from a sudden and rapid onset of motion, like a parked car that is hit y
vehicle traveling at the high rate of speed
-Compression force is an external force applied at time of impact, like
stationary objects-dashboards or steering wheels that collide with or push up
into a person. Objects in motion-bullets, stabbing, bats, balls, fists and feet,
or heavy falling objects
-Blast forces
*Internal forces:*
-Stress describes the internal force that resists the applied external force
-Stress is exerted on the body as tissues and organs change their dimensions
-Body tissues respond differently to energy impact, and the capacity to
withstand energy transfer is based on the characteristics, combined with
biomechanics and MOIs
-The strength of bone varies and can be augmented by adjacent muscle
systems
-Solid organs tolerated pressure-wave energy better than air-filled organs
-Air-filled organs can often resist shear forces better than solid organs
How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - ANSWER--
*Compression strength:* ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
ANSWERS/ACTUAL EXAMS 2025-2026
What roles are vital to a trauma team? - ANSWER-1. Patient
2. Team leader
3. Core team
4. Contingency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team? - ANSWER-1. Clear roles
and responsibilities
2. Shared mental model
3. Optimize resources
4. Strong team leadership
5. Engage in regular discipline of feedback
6. Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
7. Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
8. Manage and optimize performance outcomes
9. Interdependent and adaptive
What are the key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the
trauma patient? - ANSWER-1. Communication
2. Cooperation
3. Coordination
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team member?
What are the benefits of each? - ANSWER-1. *SBAR:* Situation, Background,
Assessment, Recommendations-To provide a framework for communication
among members of the healthcare team
,2. *DESC:* Describe the specific situation or behavior, Express your concerns
or how the situation makes you feel, Suggest alternatives and seek
agreement, state Consequences in terms of impact on performance goals-
Used in conflict management, paraphrasing the other person's comments is
an important technique that should be done throughout the DESC support
3. *CUS:* I am Concerned, I am Uncomfortable, This is a Safety issue/I am
Stressed-Used to "stop the line" if a team member senses or discovers an
essential safety breach
Kinematics - ANSWER-The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying
actual or potential injuries
Biomechanics - ANSWER-The general study of forces and their effects
Mechanism of Injury - ANSWER-How external energy forces in the
environment are transferred to the body
Newton's First Law of Motion - ANSWER-A body rest will remain at rest, and a
body in motion will stay in motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion - ANSWER-Force = mass x acceleration
Newton's Third Law of Motion - ANSWER-For every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction
Law of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER-Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, but can change form
,Describe how Newton's Laws of Motion and the Law of Conservation affect
energy transfer in traumatic injury, and give an example - ANSWER--1st:
weight and speed are reasonable substitutions for mass and velocity, higher
mass and/or higher speed delivers greater energy
-2nd: an object's velocity changes when it is subjected to an external force;
heavier objects require more force to accelerate (or decelerate) them
-3rd:
-Conservation:
Ex: pot vs. child
-1st: the force of gravity holds the pot on the flat stovetop until energy is
transferred to the pot, such as by a toddler, grabbing the handle.Once the
pot is in motion, it will sustain its motion until interrupted by another force.
As the pot strikes the child in the head, the strength of bone imposes a force
of resistance upon impact, thereby changing the directional path of the pot.
The stationary head stays in a fixed position until a volume of energy
adequate to move the head is transferred to it. This concept of movement-
energy transfer-countermovement applies to all mechanical traumas
-2nd: the pot continues to fall at a steady rate unless it is acted on by an
outside force (a hand pushing it out of the way or catching it)
-3rd: the transfer causes a redirection of the pot and movement of the head,
as well as energy absorption causing anatomic changes to the tissue that
received the energy transfer
-Conservation: energy is not created, nor it is destroyed at the site where the
pot impacts the head. Instead, energy is transferred from the kinetic
(moving) object to the object being impacted
What are the five forms in which energy exist? - ANSWER-1. *Mechanical:*
energy transfer form one object to another in the form of motion
2. *Thermal:* energy transfer of heat in the environment to the host
3. *Chemical:* heat energy transfer from active chemical substances,
chlorine, drain cleaner, acids, or plants
4. *Electrical:* energy transfer from light socket, power lines, or lightning
, 5. *Radiant:* energy transfer from blast sound waves, radioactivity such as a
nuclear facility, or rays of the sun
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the
context of trauma - ANSWER-*External forces:*
-Can be exerted on the body by deceleration, acceleration, compression
forces
-Deceleration forces include those applied in falls and collisions where
injuries are cause by a sudden stop in the body's motion
-Acceleration forces are not as common as deceleration forces and result
from a sudden and rapid onset of motion, like a parked car that is hit y
vehicle traveling at the high rate of speed
-Compression force is an external force applied at time of impact, like
stationary objects-dashboards or steering wheels that collide with or push up
into a person. Objects in motion-bullets, stabbing, bats, balls, fists and feet,
or heavy falling objects
-Blast forces
*Internal forces:*
-Stress describes the internal force that resists the applied external force
-Stress is exerted on the body as tissues and organs change their dimensions
-Body tissues respond differently to energy impact, and the capacity to
withstand energy transfer is based on the characteristics, combined with
biomechanics and MOIs
-The strength of bone varies and can be augmented by adjacent muscle
systems
-Solid organs tolerated pressure-wave energy better than air-filled organs
-Air-filled organs can often resist shear forces better than solid organs
How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - ANSWER--
*Compression strength:* ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
