Intro,./to,./Civil,./Engineering,./Final,./Exam,./Study,./Guid
e
1. concept:,./overall,./view,./of,./what,./the,./end,./product,./should,./look,./like
2. technology:, . / the,./methods,./used,./to,./realize,./the,./concept
3. creativity:,./any,./process,./by,./which,./something,./new,./is,./produced:,./an,./idea,./or,./object,,./a,./new,./form,./or,./arrangeme
nts,./of,./old,./elements
4. building,./construction,./projects:,./oflce,./buildings,,./large,./apartment,./buildings,,./etc.;,./privately,./funded
;,./heavily,./dependent,./on,./local,./economy
5. heavy,./construction,./projects:, . / infrastructure-
,./roadways,,./bridges,,./dams,,./tunnels;,./publicly,./funded;,./long,./duration-,./less,./sensitive,./to,./economy
6. industrial,./construction,./projects:,./steel,./mills,,./petroleum,./refineries,,./chemical,./plants;,./privately,./funded;,./
very,./technical-,./few,./companies,,./cooperation,./important,./throughout,./the,./project
7. owner:,./also,./may,./be,./the,./client;,./pays,./the,./bills,./and,./receives,./the,./benefit;,./determines,./scope,,./schedule,,./budget,,./
and,./defines,./need
8. design,./profesionals:,./engineers,,./architects,,./consultants;,./assists,./the,./owner,./in,./developing,./the,./sco
pe,,./schedule,,./and,./budget;,./prepares,./construction,./documents,./that,./re,./used,./to,./build,./the,./project
9. constructor:,./contractor,,./general,./contractor;,./interprets,./the,./contract,./documents,./and,./physically,./constructs,.
/the,./project;,./may,./employ,./subcontractors
10. building,./codes:,./set,./minimum,./standards,./of,./construction,./quality;,./includes,./definition,./of,./occupancy,./group
s,./and,./construction,./types,,./with,./corresponding,./limitations,./on,./building,./size,,./components,,./etc.
11. cost,./analysis:,./often,./the,./primary,./basis,./for,./choosing,./among,./several,./viable,./design,./alternatives
12. constructability:, . / how,./easily,./the,./proposed,./project,./can,./be,./built
13. technical,./specifications:,./used,./in,./conjunction,./with,./drawings,./to,./fully,./describe,./all,./of,./the,./technic
al,./requirements,./necessary,./to,./complete,./a,./project
14. specific,./heat:,./how,./much,./energy,./does,./it,./take,./to,./raise/lower,./the,./temperature,./of,./the,./material
15. thermal, . / transmittance:, . / how,./does,./the,./material,./conduct,./heat
16. reflectance:, . / how,./much,./sunlight,./does,./the,./material,./absorb/reflect
17. acoustics:,./how,./does,./sound,./travel,./through,./the,./material
18. impact,./resistance:,./will,./the,./material,./be,./subjected,./impact,./loads
19. timber:,./strong,./in,./compression,,./fire,./is,./a,./problem,,./rot,./is,./a,./problem
20. stone:,./strong,./in,./compression,./&,./resists,./weathering;
21. iron,./&,./steel:,./strong,./in,./tension;,./used,./in,./columns,./and,./beams;,./dimensions,./of,./the,./members,./are,./crucial,./fo
r,./calculations
e
1. concept:,./overall,./view,./of,./what,./the,./end,./product,./should,./look,./like
2. technology:, . / the,./methods,./used,./to,./realize,./the,./concept
3. creativity:,./any,./process,./by,./which,./something,./new,./is,./produced:,./an,./idea,./or,./object,,./a,./new,./form,./or,./arrangeme
nts,./of,./old,./elements
4. building,./construction,./projects:,./oflce,./buildings,,./large,./apartment,./buildings,,./etc.;,./privately,./funded
;,./heavily,./dependent,./on,./local,./economy
5. heavy,./construction,./projects:, . / infrastructure-
,./roadways,,./bridges,,./dams,,./tunnels;,./publicly,./funded;,./long,./duration-,./less,./sensitive,./to,./economy
6. industrial,./construction,./projects:,./steel,./mills,,./petroleum,./refineries,,./chemical,./plants;,./privately,./funded;,./
very,./technical-,./few,./companies,,./cooperation,./important,./throughout,./the,./project
7. owner:,./also,./may,./be,./the,./client;,./pays,./the,./bills,./and,./receives,./the,./benefit;,./determines,./scope,,./schedule,,./budget,,./
and,./defines,./need
8. design,./profesionals:,./engineers,,./architects,,./consultants;,./assists,./the,./owner,./in,./developing,./the,./sco
pe,,./schedule,,./and,./budget;,./prepares,./construction,./documents,./that,./re,./used,./to,./build,./the,./project
9. constructor:,./contractor,,./general,./contractor;,./interprets,./the,./contract,./documents,./and,./physically,./constructs,.
/the,./project;,./may,./employ,./subcontractors
10. building,./codes:,./set,./minimum,./standards,./of,./construction,./quality;,./includes,./definition,./of,./occupancy,./group
s,./and,./construction,./types,,./with,./corresponding,./limitations,./on,./building,./size,,./components,,./etc.
11. cost,./analysis:,./often,./the,./primary,./basis,./for,./choosing,./among,./several,./viable,./design,./alternatives
12. constructability:, . / how,./easily,./the,./proposed,./project,./can,./be,./built
13. technical,./specifications:,./used,./in,./conjunction,./with,./drawings,./to,./fully,./describe,./all,./of,./the,./technic
al,./requirements,./necessary,./to,./complete,./a,./project
14. specific,./heat:,./how,./much,./energy,./does,./it,./take,./to,./raise/lower,./the,./temperature,./of,./the,./material
15. thermal, . / transmittance:, . / how,./does,./the,./material,./conduct,./heat
16. reflectance:, . / how,./much,./sunlight,./does,./the,./material,./absorb/reflect
17. acoustics:,./how,./does,./sound,./travel,./through,./the,./material
18. impact,./resistance:,./will,./the,./material,./be,./subjected,./impact,./loads
19. timber:,./strong,./in,./compression,,./fire,./is,./a,./problem,,./rot,./is,./a,./problem
20. stone:,./strong,./in,./compression,./&,./resists,./weathering;
21. iron,./&,./steel:,./strong,./in,./tension;,./used,./in,./columns,./and,./beams;,./dimensions,./of,./the,./members,./are,./crucial,./fo
r,./calculations
