COMD 5070 COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● the scientific method is _______, ________, ________, and
________
Answer: empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
●● science is ________: based on data- we collect data and then
interpret it; we have to make sense of the behavior that we're trying to
understand
Answer: empirical
●● science is __________: things obey physical laws; not random in
terms of cause and effect, and can draw generalizations from data that
we can extend on to other situations we have not yet experienced
Answer: deterministic
●● science is ________: if a given phenomenon occurs, it can influence
another one; represents cause and effect relationships
Answer: predictive
●● science is _________: uses the simplest explanation versus making it
unnecessarily convoluted
,Answer: parsimonious
●● how many semitones in one octave, two octaves, how many Hz in an
octave, etc.
Answer: • 12 semitones in one octave
• 24 semitones in 2 octaves.
• octaves work in doubling; example 500-1000
is 1 octave 2000-4000 is another octave
●● there are _______ semitones in 1 octave
-each semitone is a _________ step- each step upward is _______ than
the last (about 5.9%)
-no semitones are physically identical in Hz, but they SOUND equal in
step size, because our human perception of sound is nonlinear
Answer: 12, nonlinear, bigger
●● an _________ is the doubling or halving of a frequency
e.g. if you have a 400 Hz base and you went up an octave, you would
reach _______ Hz, and if you went down an octave you would reach
_______ Hz
Answer: octave, 800, 200
,●● Sampling rate [how does it relate to playback quality, frequencies
saved in a recording, Nyquist, aliasing
Answer: • Sampling rate is a snapshot. The more samples the better it is.
Sample rate is in Hz so if you have 10 samples per second it would be
10 Hz recording.
• The higher sampling rate gives better truth. Higher sampling rate
requires bigger files, which has more memory usage more disk space for
storage, more processing time for computations.
• Nyquist is half the sample rate. This means you need to get twice the
sample of a rate you want. For example, if you want a 10 Hz recording
you need to get a sample rate of 20 Hz recording. If you go with a lower
quality sample rate you would have a longer time and if you would go
with a higher quality you will have a shorter time.
• Compact discs/mp3-44.1 kHz which is 22,050 Hz.
●● the frequency rate with which numbers are stored to represent the
analog symbol being sampled is called the ________ ____________,
specified in Hz
-the #s represent amplitude values
Answer: sampling rate
, ●● the sample rate for compact discs is _________, this means that the
sounds played back from the compact disc can go up to ___________
Answer: 44,100 Hz, 22,050 Hz
●● _________ ________ sounds get lost in a recording with a low
sampling rate, and get misrepresented as _______ _________ sounds,
AKA ___________
Answer: high frequency, low frequency, aliasing
●● _______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents
i.e. using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even
reaching the digitized system so that they won't contaminate the lower
frequency recording by being represented as an alias
Answer: anti-aliasing
●● What are the filter types?
Answer: High pass Filter
Low Pass Filter
Band Pass Filter
Band Reject Filter
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● the scientific method is _______, ________, ________, and
________
Answer: empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious
●● science is ________: based on data- we collect data and then
interpret it; we have to make sense of the behavior that we're trying to
understand
Answer: empirical
●● science is __________: things obey physical laws; not random in
terms of cause and effect, and can draw generalizations from data that
we can extend on to other situations we have not yet experienced
Answer: deterministic
●● science is ________: if a given phenomenon occurs, it can influence
another one; represents cause and effect relationships
Answer: predictive
●● science is _________: uses the simplest explanation versus making it
unnecessarily convoluted
,Answer: parsimonious
●● how many semitones in one octave, two octaves, how many Hz in an
octave, etc.
Answer: • 12 semitones in one octave
• 24 semitones in 2 octaves.
• octaves work in doubling; example 500-1000
is 1 octave 2000-4000 is another octave
●● there are _______ semitones in 1 octave
-each semitone is a _________ step- each step upward is _______ than
the last (about 5.9%)
-no semitones are physically identical in Hz, but they SOUND equal in
step size, because our human perception of sound is nonlinear
Answer: 12, nonlinear, bigger
●● an _________ is the doubling or halving of a frequency
e.g. if you have a 400 Hz base and you went up an octave, you would
reach _______ Hz, and if you went down an octave you would reach
_______ Hz
Answer: octave, 800, 200
,●● Sampling rate [how does it relate to playback quality, frequencies
saved in a recording, Nyquist, aliasing
Answer: • Sampling rate is a snapshot. The more samples the better it is.
Sample rate is in Hz so if you have 10 samples per second it would be
10 Hz recording.
• The higher sampling rate gives better truth. Higher sampling rate
requires bigger files, which has more memory usage more disk space for
storage, more processing time for computations.
• Nyquist is half the sample rate. This means you need to get twice the
sample of a rate you want. For example, if you want a 10 Hz recording
you need to get a sample rate of 20 Hz recording. If you go with a lower
quality sample rate you would have a longer time and if you would go
with a higher quality you will have a shorter time.
• Compact discs/mp3-44.1 kHz which is 22,050 Hz.
●● the frequency rate with which numbers are stored to represent the
analog symbol being sampled is called the ________ ____________,
specified in Hz
-the #s represent amplitude values
Answer: sampling rate
, ●● the sample rate for compact discs is _________, this means that the
sounds played back from the compact disc can go up to ___________
Answer: 44,100 Hz, 22,050 Hz
●● _________ ________ sounds get lost in a recording with a low
sampling rate, and get misrepresented as _______ _________ sounds,
AKA ___________
Answer: high frequency, low frequency, aliasing
●● _______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents
i.e. using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even
reaching the digitized system so that they won't contaminate the lower
frequency recording by being represented as an alias
Answer: anti-aliasing
●● What are the filter types?
Answer: High pass Filter
Low Pass Filter
Band Pass Filter
Band Reject Filter
