COKO COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW WITH
FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain
with abduction past 90 degrees.
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion
clavicular) Joint Sprain?
●● What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain?
Answer: Rupture of ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with
compression of the clavicle and pain with passive horizontal adduction
(When the arm is abducted 90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
●● What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain?
Answer: Rupture of many ligaments, very painful
●● Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial
Epicondylitis
Answer: Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a
chronic injury that occurs from overuse of the forearm flexors
(Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
,●● Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral
Epicondylitis
Answer: Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic
injury that occurs from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
●● Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Answer: A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the
carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and
disturbances of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
●● What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer: Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and Loss of Function
●● What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction?
,Answer: A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory properties, thus
decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
●● Which two joints make up the knee joint?
Answer: Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
●● Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or
flex his knee. He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this
happened when he was changing direction in soccer. What do these
clinical symptoms most likely represent?
Answer: ACL Tear
●● Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was
playing volleyball she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of
"knee clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has
tenderness in the knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most
likely represent?
Answer: Meniscal Tear
●● What is the function of adipose tissue?
Answer: provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports
and protects organs
●● What is blood made of?
, Answer: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip?
Answer: Answer: Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane),
Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse)
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee?
Answer: Flexion/extension in sagittal plane
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle?
Answer: Plantar flexion/ Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion &
Eversion
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder?
Answer: Answer: Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane),
Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse plane).
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow?
Answer: Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine?
FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain
with abduction past 90 degrees.
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of 1st degree AC ( Acromion
clavicular) Joint Sprain?
●● What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain?
Answer: Rupture of ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with
compression of the clavicle and pain with passive horizontal adduction
(When the arm is abducted 90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
●● What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain?
Answer: Rupture of many ligaments, very painful
●● Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial
Epicondylitis
Answer: Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a
chronic injury that occurs from overuse of the forearm flexors
(Gripping). This is seen as repeated valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
,●● Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral
Epicondylitis
Answer: Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic
injury that occurs from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
●● Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Answer: A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the
carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain, and
disturbances of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
●● What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer: Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, and Loss of Function
●● What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction?
,Answer: A ketogenic diet has anti-inflammatory properties, thus
decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
●● Which two joints make up the knee joint?
Answer: Tibiofemoral Joint & Patellofemoral Joint
●● Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or
flex his knee. He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this
happened when he was changing direction in soccer. What do these
clinical symptoms most likely represent?
Answer: ACL Tear
●● Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was
playing volleyball she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of
"knee clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has
tenderness in the knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most
likely represent?
Answer: Meniscal Tear
●● What is the function of adipose tissue?
Answer: provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports
and protects organs
●● What is blood made of?
, Answer: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip?
Answer: Answer: Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane),
Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse)
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee?
Answer: Flexion/extension in sagittal plane
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle?
Answer: Plantar flexion/ Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion &
Eversion
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder?
Answer: Answer: Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane),
Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane), Internal/External Rotation
(Transverse plane).
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow?
Answer: Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
●● What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine?
