NSG 3850 Pathophysiology for Nurses II Exam 4 |
Complete Practice Test with Correct Answers and
Detailed Rationales | Latest Update – 2026/2027 |
Galen College of Nursing | Already Graded A+
Exam Overview: This practice test covers the NSG 3850 Patho Exam 4 for
nursing students at Galen College of Nursing. The content spans immune disorders
(HIV, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma), hematologic malignancies
(leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma), endocrine disorders (thyroid, adrenal,
parathyroid), hepatic and biliary disorders (hepatitis, cholelithiasis, cirrhosis),
and related pathophysiology. Answers and detailed rationales are provided for
each question.
Question 1
The nurse preceptor is reviewing associated conditions of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a newly hired nurse. Which of the following,
if listed by the newly hired nurse, would require follow-up by the nurse preceptor?
A. Inflammatory myositis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, and pelvic inflammatory disease are all
recognized opportunistic infections/complications associated with HIV/AIDS.
Inflammatory myositis is not a typical HIV-associated condition and requires
follow-up. HIV targets CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and
susceptibility to specific opportunistic infections.
Question 2
The nurse is caring for a client who has hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a positive
anti-HCV laboratory value. Which of the following conclusions should the nurse
make?
A. There are antibodies to the virus present.
pg. 1
,B. The client has immunity to the virus.
C. The client is in the early stages of infection.
Answer: A
Rationale: A positive anti-HCV test indicates the presence of antibodies to the
hepatitis C virus. It does not indicate immunity (unlike some other viruses) or
confirm the stage of infection. Additional testing (HCV RNA) is needed to
determine active infection.
Question 3
The nurse manager is preparing an in-service for staff nurses regarding
hyperthyroidism. Which of the following pathological processes should the nurse
include?
A. There is a defective synthesis of thyroid hormone due to abnormal TSH
receptors.
B. Lymphocytic infiltration causes enlargement of the thyroid gland with an
increase in thyroid hormone production.
C. Signals to stop thyroid hormone production are lost due to congenital absence of
glandular tissue.
D. Hashimoto thyroiditis is a progressive destruction of the gland causing an initial
release of stored T3 and T4 hormones.
Answer: B
Rationale: Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, involves
lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, causing enlargement (goiter) and
increased production of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto thyroiditis is
hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism.
Question 4
The nurse is caring for a client who has acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Which of the following processes should the nurse associate with this disease?
A. Malignancy of the granulocytes
B. Malignant transformation of B cells
C. Gene transformation of the Philadelphia chromosome
D. Chromosomal translocation within the cell
Answer: B
Rationale: ALL involves malignant transformation of lymphoid progenitor cells,
pg. 2
, most commonly B cells. It is the most common childhood leukemia. The
Philadelphia chromosome is associated with CML.
Question 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the client has developed a
systemic complication?
A. Temperature of 101.4°F
B. Tremors
C. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: C
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis is a serious systemic complication of SLE caused
by immune complex deposition in the kidneys (lupus nephritis). Fever and tremors
are nonspecific findings.
Question 6
The nurse has attended a continuing education conference about hepatitis. Which
of the following statements by the nurse indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "Depending on the virus, both DNA and RNA strands can be affected."
B. "Hepatitis virus A (HAV) is a contagious but vaccine-preventable illness."
C. "Hepatitis virus C (HCV) has an incubation period of 2 to 5 weeks."
Answer: C
Rationale: HCV has an incubation period of approximately 2 to 26 weeks
(average 6-7 weeks), not 2 to 5 weeks. HAV is vaccine-preventable. Hepatitis
viruses can have DNA or RNA genomes.
Question 7
The nurse is caring for a client who has adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's
disease). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to
see in this client?
A. Petechiae on the skin
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Buffalo hump
D. Hirsutism
Answer: B
pg. 3
Complete Practice Test with Correct Answers and
Detailed Rationales | Latest Update – 2026/2027 |
Galen College of Nursing | Already Graded A+
Exam Overview: This practice test covers the NSG 3850 Patho Exam 4 for
nursing students at Galen College of Nursing. The content spans immune disorders
(HIV, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma), hematologic malignancies
(leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma), endocrine disorders (thyroid, adrenal,
parathyroid), hepatic and biliary disorders (hepatitis, cholelithiasis, cirrhosis),
and related pathophysiology. Answers and detailed rationales are provided for
each question.
Question 1
The nurse preceptor is reviewing associated conditions of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a newly hired nurse. Which of the following,
if listed by the newly hired nurse, would require follow-up by the nurse preceptor?
A. Inflammatory myositis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, and pelvic inflammatory disease are all
recognized opportunistic infections/complications associated with HIV/AIDS.
Inflammatory myositis is not a typical HIV-associated condition and requires
follow-up. HIV targets CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and
susceptibility to specific opportunistic infections.
Question 2
The nurse is caring for a client who has hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a positive
anti-HCV laboratory value. Which of the following conclusions should the nurse
make?
A. There are antibodies to the virus present.
pg. 1
,B. The client has immunity to the virus.
C. The client is in the early stages of infection.
Answer: A
Rationale: A positive anti-HCV test indicates the presence of antibodies to the
hepatitis C virus. It does not indicate immunity (unlike some other viruses) or
confirm the stage of infection. Additional testing (HCV RNA) is needed to
determine active infection.
Question 3
The nurse manager is preparing an in-service for staff nurses regarding
hyperthyroidism. Which of the following pathological processes should the nurse
include?
A. There is a defective synthesis of thyroid hormone due to abnormal TSH
receptors.
B. Lymphocytic infiltration causes enlargement of the thyroid gland with an
increase in thyroid hormone production.
C. Signals to stop thyroid hormone production are lost due to congenital absence of
glandular tissue.
D. Hashimoto thyroiditis is a progressive destruction of the gland causing an initial
release of stored T3 and T4 hormones.
Answer: B
Rationale: Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, involves
lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, causing enlargement (goiter) and
increased production of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto thyroiditis is
hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism.
Question 4
The nurse is caring for a client who has acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Which of the following processes should the nurse associate with this disease?
A. Malignancy of the granulocytes
B. Malignant transformation of B cells
C. Gene transformation of the Philadelphia chromosome
D. Chromosomal translocation within the cell
Answer: B
Rationale: ALL involves malignant transformation of lymphoid progenitor cells,
pg. 2
, most commonly B cells. It is the most common childhood leukemia. The
Philadelphia chromosome is associated with CML.
Question 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the client has developed a
systemic complication?
A. Temperature of 101.4°F
B. Tremors
C. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: C
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis is a serious systemic complication of SLE caused
by immune complex deposition in the kidneys (lupus nephritis). Fever and tremors
are nonspecific findings.
Question 6
The nurse has attended a continuing education conference about hepatitis. Which
of the following statements by the nurse indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "Depending on the virus, both DNA and RNA strands can be affected."
B. "Hepatitis virus A (HAV) is a contagious but vaccine-preventable illness."
C. "Hepatitis virus C (HCV) has an incubation period of 2 to 5 weeks."
Answer: C
Rationale: HCV has an incubation period of approximately 2 to 26 weeks
(average 6-7 weeks), not 2 to 5 weeks. HAV is vaccine-preventable. Hepatitis
viruses can have DNA or RNA genomes.
Question 7
The nurse is caring for a client who has adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's
disease). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to
see in this client?
A. Petechiae on the skin
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Buffalo hump
D. Hirsutism
Answer: B
pg. 3
