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Wilhelm Wundt is credited with founding psychology as a formal
science because he:
A. Wrote the first psychology textbook
B. Opened the first psychology research lab in 1879 CORRECT
ANSWER
C. Developed the theory of psychoanalysis
D. Introduced the concept of the unconscious
Rationale: Wundt opened the first psychology research lab in 1879,
marking psychology's emergence as a separate scientific discipline.
The school of thought that emphasized breaking conscious
experience down into its underlying components was:
A. Functionalism
,B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism CORRECT ANSWER
D. Humanistic psychology
Rationale: Structuralism, associated with Wilhelm Wundt, focused
on analyzing conscious experience into its basic elements.
William James is best known for which approach to psychology?
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism CORRECT ANSWER
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Gestalt psychology
Rationale: William James wrote Principles of Psychology and
emphasized the adaptive purpose or function of mind and behavior,
known as functionalism.
The view that the human mind is created with pre-existing structure
and information is called:
A. Empiricism
B. Nativism CORRECT ANSWER
C. Behaviorism
,D. Functionalism
Rationale: Nativism holds that the human mind is created with pre-
existing structure and information, emphasizing nature.
John Locke's concept of tabula rasa ("blank slate") is most closely
associated with:
A. Nativism
B. Empiricism CORRECT ANSWER
C. Structuralism
D. Dualism
Rationale: Empiricism, associated with John Locke, argues that the
human mind is shaped by the environment and begins as a blank
slate.
Which perspective emphasizes the role of environmental forces in
shaping behavior?
A. Humanistic psychology
B. Cognitive psychology
C. Behaviorism CORRECT ANSWER
D. Psychoanalysis
, Rationale: Behaviorism, associated with Watson and Skinner,
emphasizes the role of environmental forces in shaping behavior and
argues that psychology should study observable behavior.
The four main goals of psychology are:
A. Observe, measure, analyze, conclude
B. Describe, explain, predict, control CORRECT ANSWER
C. Diagnose, treat, prevent, cure
D. Explore, experiment, theorize, publish
Rationale: The four main goals of psychology are to describe,
explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.
The method used to examine one's own conscious activities is called:
A. Introspection
B. Introspection CORRECT ANSWER
C. Observation
D. Experimentation
Rationale: Introspection is a method used to examine one's own
conscious activities.