NSG 3850 Pathophysiology for Nurses II Exam 3 |
Complete Practice Test with Correct Answers and
Detailed Rationales | Latest Update – 2026/2027 |
Galen College of Nursing | Already Graded A+
Exam Overview: This practice test covers the NSG 3850 Exam 3 for nursing
students. The content spans renal and urinary disorders, gastrointestinal
disorders, and related pathophysiology. Answers and detailed rationales are
provided for each question.
Question 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause:
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Proteinuria
C. Hematuria
D. Generalized edema
Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
generalized edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Hematuria is not a typical feature of
nephrotic syndrome; it is more commonly associated with nephritic syndrome
(glomerulonephritis).
Question 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience:
A. Fever
B. Oliguria
C. Edema
D. Hypertension
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney and renal pelvis.
Fever, chills, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness are classic symptoms.
Oliguria, edema, and hypertension are not typical presentations.
pg. 1
,Question 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is:
A. Streptococcus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Klebsiella
D. Enterobacter
Answer: B
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing acute
pyelonephritis, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Klebsiella, Proteus,
and Enterobacter are less common.
Question 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is:
A. Always rapidly fatal
B. Caused by a streptococcal infection
C. Associated with supernumerary kidney
D. Genetically transmitted
Answer: D
Rationale: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder. Autosomal
dominant PKD is the most common form. It is not always rapidly fatal, not caused
by streptococcal infection, and not associated with supernumerary kidney.
Question 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Renal ischemia
B. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
C. An anaphylactic reaction
D. An immune complex reaction
Answer: D
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by an immune complex reaction,
often following a streptococcal infection. Antibodies bind to antigens in the
glomerulus, causing inflammation and damage. It is not caused by direct bacterial
invasion.
pg. 2
, Question 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include:
A. Anuria
B. Proteinuria
C. Red blood cell casts in urine
D. Foul-smelling urine
Answer: B
Rationale: Proteinuria is a consistent finding in glomerulonephritis due to
increased glomerular permeability. RBC casts are also seen (option C is also
correct, but the source key indicates B). Anuria and foul-smelling urine are not
typical.
Question 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these
calculi is most likely to be:
A. Potassium oxalate
B. Struvite
C. Cysteine
D. Uric acid crystals
Answer: D
Rationale: Gout is characterized by hyperuricemia. Uric acid calculi form when
urine is acidic and concentrated with uric acid. Potassium oxalate is not a typical
stone composition. Struvite stones are associated with UTIs. Cysteine stones are
genetic.
Question 8
The most common type of renal stone is:
A. Uric acid
B. Calcium
C. Struvite
D. Cysteine
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium stones (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate) account for
approximately 70-80% of all renal stones. Uric acid stones are second most
common.
pg. 3
Complete Practice Test with Correct Answers and
Detailed Rationales | Latest Update – 2026/2027 |
Galen College of Nursing | Already Graded A+
Exam Overview: This practice test covers the NSG 3850 Exam 3 for nursing
students. The content spans renal and urinary disorders, gastrointestinal
disorders, and related pathophysiology. Answers and detailed rationales are
provided for each question.
Question 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause:
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Proteinuria
C. Hematuria
D. Generalized edema
Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
generalized edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Hematuria is not a typical feature of
nephrotic syndrome; it is more commonly associated with nephritic syndrome
(glomerulonephritis).
Question 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience:
A. Fever
B. Oliguria
C. Edema
D. Hypertension
Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney and renal pelvis.
Fever, chills, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness are classic symptoms.
Oliguria, edema, and hypertension are not typical presentations.
pg. 1
,Question 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is:
A. Streptococcus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Klebsiella
D. Enterobacter
Answer: B
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing acute
pyelonephritis, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Klebsiella, Proteus,
and Enterobacter are less common.
Question 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is:
A. Always rapidly fatal
B. Caused by a streptococcal infection
C. Associated with supernumerary kidney
D. Genetically transmitted
Answer: D
Rationale: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder. Autosomal
dominant PKD is the most common form. It is not always rapidly fatal, not caused
by streptococcal infection, and not associated with supernumerary kidney.
Question 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is:
A. Renal ischemia
B. Bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
C. An anaphylactic reaction
D. An immune complex reaction
Answer: D
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by an immune complex reaction,
often following a streptococcal infection. Antibodies bind to antigens in the
glomerulus, causing inflammation and damage. It is not caused by direct bacterial
invasion.
pg. 2
, Question 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include:
A. Anuria
B. Proteinuria
C. Red blood cell casts in urine
D. Foul-smelling urine
Answer: B
Rationale: Proteinuria is a consistent finding in glomerulonephritis due to
increased glomerular permeability. RBC casts are also seen (option C is also
correct, but the source key indicates B). Anuria and foul-smelling urine are not
typical.
Question 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these
calculi is most likely to be:
A. Potassium oxalate
B. Struvite
C. Cysteine
D. Uric acid crystals
Answer: D
Rationale: Gout is characterized by hyperuricemia. Uric acid calculi form when
urine is acidic and concentrated with uric acid. Potassium oxalate is not a typical
stone composition. Struvite stones are associated with UTIs. Cysteine stones are
genetic.
Question 8
The most common type of renal stone is:
A. Uric acid
B. Calcium
C. Struvite
D. Cysteine
Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium stones (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate) account for
approximately 70-80% of all renal stones. Uric acid stones are second most
common.
pg. 3
