CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Antigens.
Answer: Foreign substances that induce a host response
◉ Immunity.
Answer: The condition of being resistant to infection
◉ Edward Jenner.
Answer: Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by injecting
a more harmless substance- cowpox from a disease affecting cows
◉ Louis Pasteur.
Answer: Father of immunology- observed by chance that older
bacterial cultures would not cause diseases in chickens (first
attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals
◉ Attenuation.
,Answer: Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or
chemical means)
◉ Phagocytes.
Answer: Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense
◉ humoral immunity.
Answer: specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma cells) that
produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
◉ Antibodies.
Answer: Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when
exposed to a foreign substance and they react specifically with that
foreign substance
◉ Innate (natural) immunity.
Answer: The individual's ability to resist infection by means of
normally present body functions
◉ Adaptive immunity.
Answer: Type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for
each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to
remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
,◉ Leukocytes.
Answer: White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key
role in both innate and adaptive immunity
◉ 5 principal types of leukocytes in peripheral blood.
Answer: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes
◉ Innate immune cells in periphery.
Answer: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes
◉ Adaptive immune cells in periphery.
Answer: Lymphocytes
◉ Tissue cell lines.
Answer: Mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
◉ All blood cells arise from a type of cell.
Answer: Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
◉ HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells:.
, Answer: Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid
precursors (CLP)
◉ The common myeloid precursor gives rise to:.
Answer: Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils,
Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
◉ The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to:.
Answer: T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B
cell and dendritic cells)
◉ Neutrophils.
Answer: Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults
◉ Azurophilic or primary granules.
Answer: Contains antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase,
lysozyme, elastase, proteinase-3, cathepsin G, and defensins
◉ secondary granules.
Answer: Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, gelatinase, and
respiratory burst components
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Antigens.
Answer: Foreign substances that induce a host response
◉ Immunity.
Answer: The condition of being resistant to infection
◉ Edward Jenner.
Answer: Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by injecting
a more harmless substance- cowpox from a disease affecting cows
◉ Louis Pasteur.
Answer: Father of immunology- observed by chance that older
bacterial cultures would not cause diseases in chickens (first
attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals
◉ Attenuation.
,Answer: Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or
chemical means)
◉ Phagocytes.
Answer: Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense
◉ humoral immunity.
Answer: specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma cells) that
produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
◉ Antibodies.
Answer: Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when
exposed to a foreign substance and they react specifically with that
foreign substance
◉ Innate (natural) immunity.
Answer: The individual's ability to resist infection by means of
normally present body functions
◉ Adaptive immunity.
Answer: Type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for
each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to
remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
,◉ Leukocytes.
Answer: White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key
role in both innate and adaptive immunity
◉ 5 principal types of leukocytes in peripheral blood.
Answer: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes
◉ Innate immune cells in periphery.
Answer: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes
◉ Adaptive immune cells in periphery.
Answer: Lymphocytes
◉ Tissue cell lines.
Answer: Mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
◉ All blood cells arise from a type of cell.
Answer: Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
◉ HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells:.
, Answer: Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid
precursors (CLP)
◉ The common myeloid precursor gives rise to:.
Answer: Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils,
Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
◉ The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to:.
Answer: T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B
cell and dendritic cells)
◉ Neutrophils.
Answer: Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults
◉ Azurophilic or primary granules.
Answer: Contains antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase,
lysozyme, elastase, proteinase-3, cathepsin G, and defensins
◉ secondary granules.
Answer: Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, gelatinase, and
respiratory burst components
