ATI TEAS 7 Anatomy and Physiology
Review with Questions and Answers
Section 1: General Anatomy and Physiology Principles
1. Which of the following best describes the principle of negative feedback in maintaining
homeostasis?
A. It amplifies a change to produce a rapid response.
B. It reverses a change to bring the body back to its set point.
C. It is primarily used during childbirth and blood clotting.
D. It involves a sensor, a control center, and an amplifier.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. It
works by detecting a deviation from a set point and initiating a response that reverses that
deviation, bringing the body back to its optimal state. Option A describes positive feedback.
Option C gives examples of positive feedback. Option D is incorrect because the components
are a sensor, a control center, and an effector.
2. The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts is known as:
A. Physiology
B. Histology
C. Anatomy
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Physiology (A) is the
study of how those structures function. Histology (B) is the study of tissues, and cytology (D) is
the study of cells.
3. Which of the following is the most complex level of structural organization in the human
body?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ system level
D. Organismal level
, Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The levels of structural organization, from simplest to most complex, are:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal. The organismal level (D)
represents the entire living being, which is the most complex level.
4. In anatomical position, the body is:
A. Lying face down.
B. Lying face up.
C. Standing erect with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
D. Standing erect with arms at the sides and palms facing backward.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomical position is a standard reference point for describing the body. It is
defined as standing erect, facing forward, with feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, and
palms facing forward.
5. Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Pelvic cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
D. Cranial cavity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thoracic cavity (C) is the superior ventral body cavity, enclosed by the ribs
and muscles of the chest. It contains the heart and lungs. The abdominal cavity (A) contains
digestive organs, the pelvic cavity (B) contains reproductive and excretory organs, and the
cranial cavity (D) contains the brain.
6. Which directional term means "toward the head end or upper part of a structure"?
A. Inferior
B. Superior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Superior (B) means above or toward the head. Inferior (A) means below. Anterior
(C) means toward the front, and posterior (D) means toward the back.
,7. A cut that divides the body into equal right and left halves is called a:
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A midsagittal plane (C) divides the body vertically into equal right and left halves.
A transverse plane (A) divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts. A frontal
plane (B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary types of tissue?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Vascular
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle.
"Vascular" (D) describes a characteristic of tissue (having blood vessels) but is not a primary
tissue type itself.
9. What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
A. Binding and supporting other tissues.
B. Transmitting electrical impulses.
C. Covering and lining surfaces and forming glands.
D. Generating force for movement.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epithelial tissue (C) covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and
forms glands. Connective tissue (A) binds and supports. Nervous tissue (B) transmits impulses.
Muscle tissue (D) generates force.
10. Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?
A. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
B. The movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
C. The movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to high concentration using
energy.
D. The engulfing of large particles by a cell.
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion (B) is a passive transport process where molecules move from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis (A) is the diffusion of water.
Active transport (C) moves solutes against the concentration gradient using energy.
Phagocytosis (D) is a form of endocytosis.
11. (SATA) Which of the following are functions of the cardiovascular system? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
B. Removing carbon dioxide and other waste products.
C. Regulating body temperature.
D. Producing red blood cells.
E. Secreting hormones.
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: The cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones (A, E). It
also carries away waste products like carbon dioxide (B) and helps regulate body temperature
(C). While red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow (D), this is a function of the
skeletal system, not the cardiovascular system itself. Hormone secretion is a function of the
endocrine system.
12. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle (D) is the most muscular chamber of the heart. It receives
oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta to be distributed to the
entire body.
13. The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
Review with Questions and Answers
Section 1: General Anatomy and Physiology Principles
1. Which of the following best describes the principle of negative feedback in maintaining
homeostasis?
A. It amplifies a change to produce a rapid response.
B. It reverses a change to bring the body back to its set point.
C. It is primarily used during childbirth and blood clotting.
D. It involves a sensor, a control center, and an amplifier.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. It
works by detecting a deviation from a set point and initiating a response that reverses that
deviation, bringing the body back to its optimal state. Option A describes positive feedback.
Option C gives examples of positive feedback. Option D is incorrect because the components
are a sensor, a control center, and an effector.
2. The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts is known as:
A. Physiology
B. Histology
C. Anatomy
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Physiology (A) is the
study of how those structures function. Histology (B) is the study of tissues, and cytology (D) is
the study of cells.
3. Which of the following is the most complex level of structural organization in the human
body?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ system level
D. Organismal level
, Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The levels of structural organization, from simplest to most complex, are:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal. The organismal level (D)
represents the entire living being, which is the most complex level.
4. In anatomical position, the body is:
A. Lying face down.
B. Lying face up.
C. Standing erect with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
D. Standing erect with arms at the sides and palms facing backward.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomical position is a standard reference point for describing the body. It is
defined as standing erect, facing forward, with feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, and
palms facing forward.
5. Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Pelvic cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
D. Cranial cavity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thoracic cavity (C) is the superior ventral body cavity, enclosed by the ribs
and muscles of the chest. It contains the heart and lungs. The abdominal cavity (A) contains
digestive organs, the pelvic cavity (B) contains reproductive and excretory organs, and the
cranial cavity (D) contains the brain.
6. Which directional term means "toward the head end or upper part of a structure"?
A. Inferior
B. Superior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Superior (B) means above or toward the head. Inferior (A) means below. Anterior
(C) means toward the front, and posterior (D) means toward the back.
,7. A cut that divides the body into equal right and left halves is called a:
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A midsagittal plane (C) divides the body vertically into equal right and left halves.
A transverse plane (A) divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts. A frontal
plane (B) divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary types of tissue?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Vascular
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle.
"Vascular" (D) describes a characteristic of tissue (having blood vessels) but is not a primary
tissue type itself.
9. What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
A. Binding and supporting other tissues.
B. Transmitting electrical impulses.
C. Covering and lining surfaces and forming glands.
D. Generating force for movement.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epithelial tissue (C) covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and
forms glands. Connective tissue (A) binds and supports. Nervous tissue (B) transmits impulses.
Muscle tissue (D) generates force.
10. Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?
A. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
B. The movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
C. The movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to high concentration using
energy.
D. The engulfing of large particles by a cell.
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diffusion (B) is a passive transport process where molecules move from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis (A) is the diffusion of water.
Active transport (C) moves solutes against the concentration gradient using energy.
Phagocytosis (D) is a form of endocytosis.
11. (SATA) Which of the following are functions of the cardiovascular system? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
B. Removing carbon dioxide and other waste products.
C. Regulating body temperature.
D. Producing red blood cells.
E. Secreting hormones.
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale: The cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones (A, E). It
also carries away waste products like carbon dioxide (B) and helps regulate body temperature
(C). While red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow (D), this is a function of the
skeletal system, not the cardiovascular system itself. Hormone secretion is a function of the
endocrine system.
12. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle (D) is the most muscular chamber of the heart. It receives
oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta to be distributed to the
entire body.
13. The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral (bicuspid) valve
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
