COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS [VERIFIED ANSWERS] | Psychology|
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PSY 101 SDSU Laumakis Exam Study Questions
Section 1: History and Foundational Concepts
1. Question: What is the definition of psychology?
Answer: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes .
2. Question: What does the Greek word "psyche" mean, from which psychology is
derived?
Answer: Soul or mind .
3. Question: Who founded psychology as a formal science and opened the first
psychology research lab in 1879?
Answer: Wilhelm Wundt .
4. Question: What is Structuralism?
Answer: The idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its
underlying components or elements .
5. Question: Who is associated with Structuralism?
Answer: Wilhelm Wundt .
6. Question: What is Functionalism?
Answer: A perspective that highlighted the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind
and behavior .
7. Question: Who wrote the influential psychology textbook "Principles of
Psychology" and is associated with Functionalism?
Answer: William James .
,8. Question: What is Nativism?
Answer: The view that the human mind is created with pre-existing structure and
information (Nature) .
9. Question: What is Empiricism?
Answer: The view that the human mind is shaped by the environment (Nurture) .
10.Question: Which Greek philosopher proposed that some ideas are innate?
Answer: Plato .
11.Question: Which Greek philosopher supported the empiricist view that all
knowledge comes from sensory experiences?
Answer: Aristotle .
12.Question: What is Dualism?
Answer: The idea that the mind and body are two separate entities .
13.Question: Who founded psychoanalysis and focused on the unconscious causes of
behavior?
Answer: Sigmund Freud .
14.Question: Who founded Behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable
behavior?
Answer: John B. Watson .
15.Question: Who championed behaviorism and studied operant conditioning?
Answer: B.F. Skinner .
16.Question: What is Introspection?
Answer: A method used to examine one's own conscious activities .
17.Question: What is Humanistic Psychology?
Answer: An approach suggesting that human nature is largely positive, and the
human direction is toward growth .
18.Question: What are the 4 main goals of psychology?
Answer: Describe, Explain, Predict, and Control .
19.Question: What is the Biopsychosocial Perspective?
Answer: It explains behavior through the interaction of biological, psychological,
and social factors .
, Section 2: Research Methods
20.Question: What is a Theory?
Answer: It synthesizes observations in order to explain phenomena and guide
predictions to be tested through research .
21.Question: What is an Operational Definition?
Answer: The precise manner in which a variable of interest is defined and
measured .
22.Question: What is the Independent Variable?
Answer: The variable that is the cause and is manipulated by the experimenter .
23.Question: What is the Dependent Variable?
Answer: The outcome or effect that is measured by the experimenter .
24.Question: What is Experimental Research considered to be?
Answer: The most powerful tool for determining cause-and-effect relationships .
25.Question: What is Replication?
Answer: To repeat an experiment generally with a new sample and/or other
changes to the procedures, the goal of which is to provide further support for the
findings of the first study .
26.Question: What is Debriefing?
Answer: Sharing information with participants after their involvement in a study
has ended, including the purpose of the study and deception used in it .
27.Question: What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
Answer: A committee that reviews research proposals to protect the rights and
welfare of all participants .
28.Question: What is Naturalistic Observation?
Answer: A type of descriptive research that studies participants in their natural
environment through systematic observation .
29.Question: What is a Correlation Coefficient?
Answer: A statistical measure (symbolized as r) that indicates the strength and
direction of the relationship between two variables .