AFAA GFI COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
●● Midline
Answer: Imaginary line that splits the body into two equal parts.
●● Central Nervous System (CNS)
Answer: Brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of body parts
●● Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Answer: All nerves branching off spinal cord; extending out of the body.
●● Mechanorecptors
Answer: Sense distortion in body tissue
●● Kinetic Chain
Answer: Interrelation of nervous, muscular and skeletal systems to
create movement.
●● Tendons
Answer: Connect muscle to bone, produce force, limited blood flow,
slow to repair.
,●● Type 1 (slow twitch) muscle tissue
Answer: More aerobic, slower to reach maximum contraction; resistant
to fatigue.
●● Type 2 (fast twitch) muscle tissue
Answer: more anaerobic; produce more speed and strength; faster to
fatigue
●● Ligaments
Answer: Connect bone to bone, limited blood flow, slow to repair
●● Axial Skeleton
Answer: skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
●● Appendicular
Answer: Bones of upper and lower extremities
●● Non-synovial joints
Answer: No joint cavity or connective tissue; little
●● Synovial joints (Six Types)
Answer: 1. Gliding
,2. Condyloid
3. Hinge
4. Saddle
5. Pivot
6. Ball-and-Socket
Produces synovial fluid, has joint activity and connective tissue.
●● Gliding Joint
Answer: No axis of rotation, moves by sliding side to side or back and
forth ( carpals of the hand )
●● Condyloid Joint
Answer: Moves predominantly in one play of motion. (knee)
●● Transverse Plane
Answer: Divides the body into top and bottom halves; rotational
movement.
●● Hinge Joint
Answer: Uniaxial, moves predominantly in one plane of motion.
(Sagittal) (elbow)
, ●● Saddle Joint
Answer: One bone fits like a saddle on another bone, moves
predominantly in tow planes ( sagittal, frontal ) (Thumb)
●● Pivot Joint
Answer: Only one axis, moves predominantly in one plane of motion
(transverse) Example: Radioulnar
●● Ball and socket joint
Answer: Most mobile of joints; moves in all three planes of motion
(shoulder)
●● Optimal dynamic posture at the five kinetic chain checkpoint
Answer: Feet- hip to shoulder width apart; pointed straight ahead;
Knees- soft and extended; in line with 2nd and 3rd toes
LPHC- neutral; abs and glutes engaged.
Shoulders- back and down; no thoracic rounding.
Head/neck- cervical spine neutral
●● Atria
Answer: Superior chambers; receive blood from outside the heart
●● Right Atrium
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
●● Midline
Answer: Imaginary line that splits the body into two equal parts.
●● Central Nervous System (CNS)
Answer: Brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of body parts
●● Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Answer: All nerves branching off spinal cord; extending out of the body.
●● Mechanorecptors
Answer: Sense distortion in body tissue
●● Kinetic Chain
Answer: Interrelation of nervous, muscular and skeletal systems to
create movement.
●● Tendons
Answer: Connect muscle to bone, produce force, limited blood flow,
slow to repair.
,●● Type 1 (slow twitch) muscle tissue
Answer: More aerobic, slower to reach maximum contraction; resistant
to fatigue.
●● Type 2 (fast twitch) muscle tissue
Answer: more anaerobic; produce more speed and strength; faster to
fatigue
●● Ligaments
Answer: Connect bone to bone, limited blood flow, slow to repair
●● Axial Skeleton
Answer: skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
●● Appendicular
Answer: Bones of upper and lower extremities
●● Non-synovial joints
Answer: No joint cavity or connective tissue; little
●● Synovial joints (Six Types)
Answer: 1. Gliding
,2. Condyloid
3. Hinge
4. Saddle
5. Pivot
6. Ball-and-Socket
Produces synovial fluid, has joint activity and connective tissue.
●● Gliding Joint
Answer: No axis of rotation, moves by sliding side to side or back and
forth ( carpals of the hand )
●● Condyloid Joint
Answer: Moves predominantly in one play of motion. (knee)
●● Transverse Plane
Answer: Divides the body into top and bottom halves; rotational
movement.
●● Hinge Joint
Answer: Uniaxial, moves predominantly in one plane of motion.
(Sagittal) (elbow)
, ●● Saddle Joint
Answer: One bone fits like a saddle on another bone, moves
predominantly in tow planes ( sagittal, frontal ) (Thumb)
●● Pivot Joint
Answer: Only one axis, moves predominantly in one plane of motion
(transverse) Example: Radioulnar
●● Ball and socket joint
Answer: Most mobile of joints; moves in all three planes of motion
(shoulder)
●● Optimal dynamic posture at the five kinetic chain checkpoint
Answer: Feet- hip to shoulder width apart; pointed straight ahead;
Knees- soft and extended; in line with 2nd and 3rd toes
LPHC- neutral; abs and glutes engaged.
Shoulders- back and down; no thoracic rounding.
Head/neck- cervical spine neutral
●● Atria
Answer: Superior chambers; receive blood from outside the heart
●● Right Atrium
