NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
2026 PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND DRUG
THERAPY CONCEPTS REVIEW SET
◉ Phase 1 reaction
Answer: Oxidation, reduction, hydrolytic (CYP450 system in the
liver) Zone 3: Hepatic acinus where drugs are modified
Goal is to made polar, water soluble molecules
◉ Phase 2 reaction
Answer: Gluceronudation, acetylation, sulfation (inactive
metabolites)
◉ **First pass effect
Answer: Liver encounters drug before it enters the system. Enteral
drugs...intestine to portal circulation (SI to liver)...hepatic portal
vein...central vein...hepatic vein...IVC...heart...body
◉ Metabolism
Answer: Occurs in the liver (hepatic portal vein...central vein.
, ◉ **Elimination
Answer: Two routes: through the kidney (urine) and GI (bile, feces)
◉ **Clearance
Answer: Elimination of drug divided by the concentration of the
drug in the plasma.
◉ Elimination constant
Answer: Clearance divided by volume of distribution.
◉ 1/2 life (T 1/2)
Answer: Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug
0.693 X Vd divided by clearance
◉ 5 T1/2
Answer: To get rid of drug in the body
◉ 0 order kinetics
Answer: Constant elimination at a certain rate
◉ **0 order kinetic drugs
Answer: *Phenytoin, *salicylate, *ETOH, theophylline
2026 PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND DRUG
THERAPY CONCEPTS REVIEW SET
◉ Phase 1 reaction
Answer: Oxidation, reduction, hydrolytic (CYP450 system in the
liver) Zone 3: Hepatic acinus where drugs are modified
Goal is to made polar, water soluble molecules
◉ Phase 2 reaction
Answer: Gluceronudation, acetylation, sulfation (inactive
metabolites)
◉ **First pass effect
Answer: Liver encounters drug before it enters the system. Enteral
drugs...intestine to portal circulation (SI to liver)...hepatic portal
vein...central vein...hepatic vein...IVC...heart...body
◉ Metabolism
Answer: Occurs in the liver (hepatic portal vein...central vein.
, ◉ **Elimination
Answer: Two routes: through the kidney (urine) and GI (bile, feces)
◉ **Clearance
Answer: Elimination of drug divided by the concentration of the
drug in the plasma.
◉ Elimination constant
Answer: Clearance divided by volume of distribution.
◉ 1/2 life (T 1/2)
Answer: Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug
0.693 X Vd divided by clearance
◉ 5 T1/2
Answer: To get rid of drug in the body
◉ 0 order kinetics
Answer: Constant elimination at a certain rate
◉ **0 order kinetic drugs
Answer: *Phenytoin, *salicylate, *ETOH, theophylline
