Community Health
Objective Assessment
(3 Full Exams)
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
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,Table of Contents
D450 OA EXAM SET 1 ......................................................................... 2
D450 OA EXAM SET 2 ....................................................................... 41
D450 OA EXAM SET 3 ....................................................................... 94
D450 OA Practice Qs w/ Ans .......................................................... 161
D450 EXAM STUDY GUIDE .............................................................. 207
D450 OA EXAM SET 1
Question 1
A community health nurse responds to a call about an unconscious individual found in a
park. Upon arrival, the nurse observes slow respiratory depression, gurgling sounds,
blue/gray skin color, inability to talk, disorientation, and pinpoint pupils. What is the
most likely cause of these signs and symptoms?
A. Hypoglycemic crisis
B. Opioid drug overdose
C. Acute myocardial infarction
D. Severe allergic reaction
Correc Answer:
B. Opioid drug overdose
Rationale: The classic triad for opioid overdose includes respiratory depression, pinpoint
pupils (miosis), and altered mental status. The gurgling sounds (often called the "death
rattle") result from decreased gag reflex and fluid accumulation. Blue/gray skin color
,(cyanosis) indicates severe hypoxia from respiratory depression. These findings are
pathognomonic for opioid toxicity and require immediate administration of naloxone
(Narcan).
Question 2
A nurse is educating community members about emergency response to opioid
overdose. What is naloxone, and what is its primary function?
A. A sedative that calms the patient during withdrawal
B. Narcan — a medication that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose
C. An antibiotic that treats secondary infections from IV drug use
D. A long-acting opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms
Correc Answer:
B. Narcan — a medication that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose
Rationale: Naloxone (brand name Narcan) is a competitive opioid antagonist that
displaces opioids from mu-receptors in the brain. It rapidly reverses respiratory
depression and sedation caused by opioid overdose. It has no effect on non-opioid
substances and does not produce euphoria or respiratory depression itself, making it
safe for bystander administration.
Question 3
A bystander has just administered naloxone to a person experiencing an opioid
overdose. Which sequence of actions should the bystander follow next?
A. Place patient in prone position, administer CPR, wait 10 minutes for response
B. Lay patient on back, spray naloxone into nose, place patient on side, monitor for
response within 2–3 minutes, call 911
C. Sit patient upright, give oral naloxone, encourage walking to stimulate circulation
D. Immediately begin chest compressions regardless of breathing status
Correc Answer:
B. Lay patient on back, spray naloxone into nose, place patient on side, monitor for
response within 2–3 minutes, call 911
,Rationale: The correct sequence for naloxone administration is: (1) Lay the patient
supine to ensure proper nasal spray delivery; (2) Administer intranasal spray (half in each
nostril); (3) Place in recovery (lateral) position to prevent aspiration if vomiting occurs;
(4) Monitor for response — breathing should improve within 2–3 minutes; (5) Call 911
immediately, as naloxone's effects last 30–90 minutes while opioids may last longer,
risking re-sedation.
Question 4
A mother is concerned because her 4-year-old child is showing jealousy toward her
newborn sibling who is breastfeeding. What is the most appropriate nursing
intervention to help the older child adjust?
A. Discourage the child from being present during breastfeeding to reduce stimulation
B. Validate the child's feelings and allow them to participate in baby care activities
C. Tell the child that jealousy is unacceptable and will result in punishment
D. Immediately stop breastfeeding to eliminate the source of jealousy
Correc Answer:
B. Validate the child's feelings and allow them to participate in baby care activities
Rationale: Sibling jealousy is a normal developmental response to a new baby.
Validation helps the child feel heard and understood, reducing acting-out behaviors.
Involvement in age-appropriate baby care (fetching diapers, singing to baby) fosters
bonding and gives the older child a sense of importance. Excluding the child or punitive
approaches increase resentment and behavioral regression.
Question 5
A community health nurse is developing a presentation on osteoporosis prevention for
a senior center. Which recommendations should be included? (Select all that apply)
A. Weightbearing and strength-training exercises
B. Foods high in calcium and vitamin D
C. Prolonged bed rest to preserve bone density
,D. Avoidance of all dairy products
E. Regular sun exposure without sunscreen
Correc Answers:A, B
Rationale: Osteoporosis prevention focuses on: (1) Weightbearing exercises (walking,
jogging, resistance training) stimulate osteoblast activity and bone remodeling; (2)
Strength training improves muscle mass and balance, reducing fall risk; (3) Calcium
(1,200 mg/day for adults >50) and Vitamin D (800–1,000 IU/day) are essential for bone
mineralization. Prolonged bed rest accelerates bone loss. Dairy is a primary calcium
source. Sun exposure should be balanced with skin cancer prevention.
Question 6
During a home visit, a nurse identifies peeling paint in a house built in 1965. The family
has a 2-year-old child. What is the primary health risk associated with this
environmental hazard?
A. Asbestos exposure leading to mesothelioma
B. Lead poisoning from lead-based paint
C. Carbon monoxide poisoning from old heating systems
D. Mold-related respiratory allergies
Correc Answer:
B. Lead poisoning from lead-based paint
Rationale: Homes built before 1978 are likely to contain lead-based paint. When paint
peels or deteriorates, it creates lead dust and chips that young children can ingest
through hand-to-mouth behavior. Lead is a potent neurotoxin that causes irreversible
cognitive impairment, developmental delays, and behavioral problems in children. The
2-year-old is at highest risk due to normal mouthing behaviors and rapid neurological
development.
Question 7
A child has been diagnosed with elevated blood lead levels. What is the standard
pharmacological treatment for significant lead poisoning?
,A. Oral iron supplements only
B. Chelation therapy
C. Vitamin C megadoses
D. Activated charcoal administration
Correc Answer:
B. Chelation therapy
Rationale: Chelation therapy (using agents such as succimer/DMSA, edetate calcium
disodium/EDTA, or dimercaprol/BAL) binds lead in the bloodstream, forming a complex
that is excreted in urine. It is indicated for blood lead levels ≥45 μg/dL in children.
Chelation does not remove lead from bone stores but reduces circulating levels and
ongoing neurotoxic effects. Treatment must occur in a hospital setting with careful
monitoring of renal function and electrolytes.
Question 8
A nurse is conducting home visits in a neighborhood with many pre-1978 homes
undergoing renovation. Which nutritional supplements should the nurse recommend for
children living in these homes?
A. Vitamin A and zinc
B. Calcium and iron
C. Vitamin B12 and folate
D. Magnesium and potassium
Correc Answer:
B. Calcium and iron
Rationale: Calcium and iron compete with lead for absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract. Adequate intake of these minerals reduces lead absorption. Iron deficiency actually
increases lead absorption, making iron supplementation particularly important. Calcium
supports normal bone mineralization and may reduce lead deposition in bones. These
supplements are a key component of secondary prevention in lead-exposed children.
Question 9
,A family with young children is moving into an older home. What are the most
important lead poisoning prevention strategies the nurse should teach? (Select all that
apply)
A. Wet mop floors regularly to reduce lead dust
B. Watch for peeling or chipping paint and address promptly
C. Wash toys and hands frequently
D. Allow children to play in soil near the home's foundation
E. Use dry sweeping to clean floors efficiently
Correc Answers:A, B, C
Rationale: Effective lead prevention strategies include: Wet mopping (dry sweeping
disperses lead dust into the air); Paint monitoring — peeling paint is the primary source
of exposure; Hand and toy washing reduces ingestion of lead-contaminated dust. Soil
near foundations often contains high lead levels from exterior paint degradation and
should be avoided. Children should play in grassy areas or covered sandboxes instead.
Question 10
A pediatric clinic nurse notices several children presenting with developmental delays,
behavioral issues, decreased appetite, and neurological symptoms. These findings are
most consistent with which condition?
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Lead poisoning
C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D. Autism spectrum disorder
Correc Answer:
B. Lead poisoning
Rationale: The constellation of developmental delays, behavioral problems (irritability,
hyperactivity, aggression), anorexia, and neurological symptoms (headaches, cognitive
impairment) is characteristic of chronic lead poisoning in children. Unlike ADHD or ASD,
lead poisoning also includes systemic symptoms like abdominal pain and anemia. Iron
deficiency causes pallor and fatigue but not the behavioral/neurological pattern seen
here. A blood lead level test is the definitive diagnostic step.
,Question 11
A community health nurse is developing a sexual health education program for high
school students. What are the most effective methods for preventing sexually
transmitted infections (STIs)? (Select all that apply)
A. Abstinence
B. Limiting the number of sexual partners
C. Frequent STI testing
D. Consistent and correct condom use
E. Relying solely on withdrawal method
Correc Answers:A, B, C, D
Rationale: Comprehensive STI prevention includes: Abstinence (100% effective if
practiced consistently); Partner reduction decreases exposure probability; Regular
testing enables early detection and treatment, reducing transmission; Condom use
provides barrier protection against most STIs. The withdrawal method offers no
protection against STIs and is ineffective for pregnancy prevention. A comprehensive
approach addresses multiple levels of prevention.
Question 12
A nurse is categorizing community health interventions. Which level of prevention best
describes implementing programs to prevent STIs and unintended pregnancy in
adolescents?
A. Secondary prevention
B. Tertiary prevention
C. Primary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Correc Answer:
C. Primary prevention
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. STI and
pregnancy prevention programs (education, condom distribution, abstinence
,counseling) target healthy populations to avoid initial occurrence. Secondary prevention
involves screening and early detection (e.g., STI testing), while tertiary prevention
manages existing conditions (e.g., treatment of HIV). Quaternary prevention addresses
over-medicalization.
Question 13
A home health nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.
What are the essential components of foot assessment in this patient? (Select all that
apply)
A. Daily foot assessment
B. Proper nail and skin maintenance
C. Assessment of appropriate footwear
D. Patient education on foot care
E. Monthly foot assessment only
Correc Answers:A, B, C, D
Rationale: Diabetic foot care requires: Daily assessment to detect early signs of injury,
infection, or ulceration (neuropathy eliminates pain warning); Nail/skin care prevents
ingrown nails and skin breakdown; Footwear assessment ensures proper fit and
protection (ill-fitting shoes cause pressure ulcers); Patient education empowers self-
management. Monthly assessment is insufficient — daily inspection is the standard of
care for high-risk diabetic patients.
Question 14
A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic patient about foot care. Which
instructions should be included? (Select all that apply)
A. Check feet daily for cuts, redness, or swelling
B. Wash feet daily and dry thoroughly, especially between toes
C. Wear wellfitting shoes and never go barefoot
D. Trim nails straight across and file edges
E. Soak feet in hot water daily to improve circulation