ANSC 221 Final Exam Animal Nutrition
#1 Questions All Solved Correctly 2026-
2027 Updated.
Dr. William Beaumont - Answer Army doctor (Ft. Mackinac) who made observations in fistula
in stomach of Alexio St. Martin; opportunity to learn about how stomach functions.
Antione Lavoisier - Answer French scientist credited as the Father of Nutrition. He put weight
measures into chemistry, designed a calorimeter (measured heat produced by the body from
work, from consumption of different types and amounts of foods), and said "Life is a chemical
process". Beheaded in French revolution.
Dr. Stephen Babcock - Answer First semi-purified diets (single plant feeding experiment), all
corn or wheat, used in economically important species. Corn fed animals were sleeker and more
vigorous, had normal calves. Wheat fed calves died at birth or soon after. Either corn contained
something wheat did not or wheat had something toxic. Resulted in discovery of vitamins and
golden age of nutrition. Babcock Milkfat test.
Alexio St. Martin - Answer French trapper who was shot and whose stomach Dr. William
Beaumont made observations with after he healed it but a fistula was left.
Daniel (Bible) - Answer First nutritional experiment. After captured, refused to eat King's food
and wine. 10 day experiment of eating vegetables and water, and after 10 days, Daniel's men
appeared fairer and fatter in flesh.
Dr. James Lind - Answer British naval doctor who wrote treatise on scurvy. Often credited as
discovering effect of citrus on scurvy and credited w/initial discovery of vitamin C, but he failed
to recognize the importance of his own observations.
Funk - Answer coined Vitamin, after "vital amines"
What is the first recorded nutritional experiment? - Answer Book of Daniel (Bible)
What did Beaumont discover together with Alexio St. Martin? - Answer Observations of
stomach fistula. Discovered that stomach is not a grinder, no spirit in the body directing some of
the foods to 'good' purposes, and disregarding the 'bad', digesting takes place by digestive juices
secreted from the stomach, foods are digested at the same time but at different rates, stomach
rumblings are just stomach contractions, and fat is digested slowly.
,Who was responsible for the health of the Limeys (British Navy)? Why are they called Limeys? -
Answer Dr. James Lind, called Limeys because forced to suck on a lemon each day, and lemon
they used was called a lime.
What was the significance of the single plant feeding experiment? - Answer Heifers fed corn
did well, but ones fed wheat didn't do as well, some infertility with wheat and oats. Best to feed
a mixture of feeds, discovery of vitamins
Who named vitamins after vital amines? - Answer Funk
Who is credited with "Life is a chemical process", and is called the Father of Nutrition? - Answer
Lavoisier
What are the major differences and similarities in composition between animals and the plant
materials that serve as their food? - Answer All rely on sun.
Animals are mostly protein, most plants contain much lower levels of protein (soybean and
other soil seeds are exceptions), Plants are composed mostly of carbohydrates (usually!)
Animals only contain a trace of carbohydrate. Animals store their extra energy as fat, most
plants do not. Oil seeds are an exception. Animals have a lot of mineral. Animals: Ca & P, Plants
P & K)
Plants and animal composition are different therefore balance diets by adding to the plant
material animals eat to balance the diet.
Sugar - Answer Any monosaccharide or dissarachide, used by animals to store energy
Monosaccharide - Answer a simple sugar, cannot be broken down
Disaccharide - Answer composed of two monosaccharides hooked together
glucose + fructose = - Answer sucrose (table sugar) - disaccharide
glucose + galactose = - Answer lactose (milk sugar) - disaccharide
glucose + glucose w/ alpha bond = - Answer maltose/starch - disaccharide
glucose + glucose w/ beta bond = - Answer cellulose/cellobiose - disaccharide
polysaccharide - Answer many sugars (any CHO with more than 2 simple sugars hooked
together)
, starch - Answer made of repeating units of the disaccharide maltose
cellulose - Answer glucose connected w/beta bonds, not digestible by animals, only bacteria
make cellulase, enzyme that can break down cellulose, cellulose is part of cell wall pf plants,
only of value to ruminant animals because it takes bacteria to make cellulase to digest it (or
bacteria of nonruminant herbivores like horse and rabbit)
glycogen - Answer storage CHO found in animals, but only in small amunts, readily available
supply of energy
glucose - Answer blood sugar, monosaccharide made of 6 C atoms (hexose), two forms, D-
glucose (natural form) and L-glucose
ribose - Answer monosaccharide, made of 5 C atoms (pentose), one of most important sugars,
part of DNA and RNA
fructose - Answer monosaccharide, 6 C sugar (hexose), abundant in plants
galactose - Answer monosaccharide, 6 C sugar (hexose)
maltose - Answer /starch, disaccharide made of glucose + glucose connected with alpha bond
cellobiose - Answer /cellulose, disaccharide, glucose + glucose connected by beta bond, not
enzyme made by animals that can digest this beta bond
hemicellulose - Answer about like cellulose except all of the sugar units are not just glucose
lignin - Answer not really carbohydrate, but it is in the fibrous part of the feed associated
w/cellulose, which is carbohydrate, and is analyzed along w/carbohydrate.
Completely indigestible, binds to cellulose and decreases the digestibility (dramatically) of other
feed components, no nutritional benefits, provides insect resistance and structural rigidity
benefits for the plant
amylase - Answer enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of starch into sugars
amylopectin - Answer kind of starch, branched chain polymer; ex: biodegradable packing
peanuts
#1 Questions All Solved Correctly 2026-
2027 Updated.
Dr. William Beaumont - Answer Army doctor (Ft. Mackinac) who made observations in fistula
in stomach of Alexio St. Martin; opportunity to learn about how stomach functions.
Antione Lavoisier - Answer French scientist credited as the Father of Nutrition. He put weight
measures into chemistry, designed a calorimeter (measured heat produced by the body from
work, from consumption of different types and amounts of foods), and said "Life is a chemical
process". Beheaded in French revolution.
Dr. Stephen Babcock - Answer First semi-purified diets (single plant feeding experiment), all
corn or wheat, used in economically important species. Corn fed animals were sleeker and more
vigorous, had normal calves. Wheat fed calves died at birth or soon after. Either corn contained
something wheat did not or wheat had something toxic. Resulted in discovery of vitamins and
golden age of nutrition. Babcock Milkfat test.
Alexio St. Martin - Answer French trapper who was shot and whose stomach Dr. William
Beaumont made observations with after he healed it but a fistula was left.
Daniel (Bible) - Answer First nutritional experiment. After captured, refused to eat King's food
and wine. 10 day experiment of eating vegetables and water, and after 10 days, Daniel's men
appeared fairer and fatter in flesh.
Dr. James Lind - Answer British naval doctor who wrote treatise on scurvy. Often credited as
discovering effect of citrus on scurvy and credited w/initial discovery of vitamin C, but he failed
to recognize the importance of his own observations.
Funk - Answer coined Vitamin, after "vital amines"
What is the first recorded nutritional experiment? - Answer Book of Daniel (Bible)
What did Beaumont discover together with Alexio St. Martin? - Answer Observations of
stomach fistula. Discovered that stomach is not a grinder, no spirit in the body directing some of
the foods to 'good' purposes, and disregarding the 'bad', digesting takes place by digestive juices
secreted from the stomach, foods are digested at the same time but at different rates, stomach
rumblings are just stomach contractions, and fat is digested slowly.
,Who was responsible for the health of the Limeys (British Navy)? Why are they called Limeys? -
Answer Dr. James Lind, called Limeys because forced to suck on a lemon each day, and lemon
they used was called a lime.
What was the significance of the single plant feeding experiment? - Answer Heifers fed corn
did well, but ones fed wheat didn't do as well, some infertility with wheat and oats. Best to feed
a mixture of feeds, discovery of vitamins
Who named vitamins after vital amines? - Answer Funk
Who is credited with "Life is a chemical process", and is called the Father of Nutrition? - Answer
Lavoisier
What are the major differences and similarities in composition between animals and the plant
materials that serve as their food? - Answer All rely on sun.
Animals are mostly protein, most plants contain much lower levels of protein (soybean and
other soil seeds are exceptions), Plants are composed mostly of carbohydrates (usually!)
Animals only contain a trace of carbohydrate. Animals store their extra energy as fat, most
plants do not. Oil seeds are an exception. Animals have a lot of mineral. Animals: Ca & P, Plants
P & K)
Plants and animal composition are different therefore balance diets by adding to the plant
material animals eat to balance the diet.
Sugar - Answer Any monosaccharide or dissarachide, used by animals to store energy
Monosaccharide - Answer a simple sugar, cannot be broken down
Disaccharide - Answer composed of two monosaccharides hooked together
glucose + fructose = - Answer sucrose (table sugar) - disaccharide
glucose + galactose = - Answer lactose (milk sugar) - disaccharide
glucose + glucose w/ alpha bond = - Answer maltose/starch - disaccharide
glucose + glucose w/ beta bond = - Answer cellulose/cellobiose - disaccharide
polysaccharide - Answer many sugars (any CHO with more than 2 simple sugars hooked
together)
, starch - Answer made of repeating units of the disaccharide maltose
cellulose - Answer glucose connected w/beta bonds, not digestible by animals, only bacteria
make cellulase, enzyme that can break down cellulose, cellulose is part of cell wall pf plants,
only of value to ruminant animals because it takes bacteria to make cellulase to digest it (or
bacteria of nonruminant herbivores like horse and rabbit)
glycogen - Answer storage CHO found in animals, but only in small amunts, readily available
supply of energy
glucose - Answer blood sugar, monosaccharide made of 6 C atoms (hexose), two forms, D-
glucose (natural form) and L-glucose
ribose - Answer monosaccharide, made of 5 C atoms (pentose), one of most important sugars,
part of DNA and RNA
fructose - Answer monosaccharide, 6 C sugar (hexose), abundant in plants
galactose - Answer monosaccharide, 6 C sugar (hexose)
maltose - Answer /starch, disaccharide made of glucose + glucose connected with alpha bond
cellobiose - Answer /cellulose, disaccharide, glucose + glucose connected by beta bond, not
enzyme made by animals that can digest this beta bond
hemicellulose - Answer about like cellulose except all of the sugar units are not just glucose
lignin - Answer not really carbohydrate, but it is in the fibrous part of the feed associated
w/cellulose, which is carbohydrate, and is analyzed along w/carbohydrate.
Completely indigestible, binds to cellulose and decreases the digestibility (dramatically) of other
feed components, no nutritional benefits, provides insect resistance and structural rigidity
benefits for the plant
amylase - Answer enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of starch into sugars
amylopectin - Answer kind of starch, branched chain polymer; ex: biodegradable packing
peanuts
