ATI Fundamentals 2.0 Proctored | ATI
Testing | Academic Year 2026/2027 |
Comprehensive Proctored Examination |
100 Verified Questions and Correct
Answer Rationales
1. A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a blood transfusion based on
religious beliefs. The client's family insists the nurse administer the blood.
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Administer the blood transfusion as requested by the family to save the client's
life.
B. Respect the client's refusal and document the decision in the medical
record.
C. Ask the provider to obtain a court order to override the client's refusal.
D. Delay the transfusion until the client is unconscious and then administer it.
Rationale: A competent adult has the right to refuse any treatment, including
life-saving interventions, under the principle of autonomy. The nurse must
respect the client's informed decision, document the refusal, and ensure the
provider is aware. Administering blood against the client's will constitutes battery.
Court orders are only appropriate when the client lacks decision-making capacity.
2. A nurse is assigning tasks to an LPN and assistive personnel (AP). Which task
should the nurse delegate to the AP?
A. Measuring the client's intake and output for a client with heart failure.
B. Evaluating the effectiveness of pain medication for a postoperative client.
C. Assessing a client's wound for signs of infection following surgery.
D. Teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic client about insulin administration.
, Rationale: Measuring intake and output is a standardized, non-invasive task
within the AP scope of practice. Evaluation, assessment, and teaching require RN-
level education and clinical judgment and cannot be delegated to APs or LPNs.
The RN retains accountability for all delegated tasks.
3. A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a client scheduled for a
colonoscopy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
A. Explain the risks and benefits of the procedure in detail before the client signs
the form.
B. Witness the client's signature on the consent form after the provider has
explained the procedure.
C. Obtain the consent form from the client's family member if the client is
sedated.
D. Sign the consent form on behalf of the client if the client is unable to write.
Rationale: The nurse's role in informed consent is to witness the client's
signature after the provider has explained the procedure, including risks, benefits,
and alternatives. The provider is responsible for the actual explanation. Consent
must be obtained from the client while competent; family members cannot
provide consent for a competent adult.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I do not want any heroic measures
taken if my heart stops." Which document should the nurse ensure is in the
medical record?
A. Living will
B. Power of attorney for finances
C. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order signed by the provider
D. Involuntary commitment documentation
Rationale: A DNR order is a medical order signed by a provider that directs
healthcare personnel not to perform CPR if the client's heart or breathing stops. A
living will expresses the client's wishes but must be translated into a provider
,order to be actionable. Power of attorney for finances addresses financial
decisions, not healthcare.
5. A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which task should the nurse
delegate to assistive personnel?
A. Changing the dressing for a client who has a stage 3 pressure injury
B. Determining a client's response to a diuretic
C. Comparing radial pulses for a client who is postoperative
D. Providing postmortem care to a client
Rationale: Providing postmortem care is a standard, non-invasive procedure
that falls within the AP scope of practice. Changing dressings, determining
medication responses, and assessing pulses require nursing judgment and cannot
be delegated to APs.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who asks about the purpose of advance
directives. Which statement should the nurse make?
A. "They allow the court to overrule an adult client's refusal of medical
treatment."
B. "They indicate the form of treatment a client is willing to accept in the
event of a serious illness."
C. "They permit a client to withhold medical information from health care
personnel."
D. "They allow health care personnel in the emergency department to stabilize a
client's condition."
Rationale: Advance directives include a living will, which permits clients to
direct the treatment they will receive in the event of a medical emergency or
serious illness. A court can only overrule an adult client's refusal of medical
treatment if the client is legally incompetent.
, 7. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit receives a shift report on four clients.
Which client should the nurse assess first?
A. A client who is 2 days postoperative and reports pain at a level of 4 on a scale
of 0 to 10.
B. A client who has a new onset of confusion and a respiratory rate of 28/min.
C. A client who requires discharge teaching about a new prescription for warfarin.
D. A client who is requesting assistance to ambulate for the first time after
surgery.
Rationale: Using the ABC priority framework, a client with new-onset
confusion and an elevated respiratory rate may be experiencing hypoxia or a
pulmonary embolism and requires immediate assessment. Pain management,
discharge teaching, and ambulation are important but can wait until the more
urgent client is stabilized.
8. A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has end-stage renal
disease. The client's advance directives state "no dialysis." The client's family
requests that dialysis be initiated. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Follow the family's request since they are the client's next of kin.
B. Honor the client's advance directive and explain the document to the
family.
C. Ask the provider to override the advance directive.
D. Delay the decision until the client becomes unresponsive.
Rationale: Advance directives are legally binding documents that express the
client's wishes. The nurse must honor the client's documented preferences. The
nurse should explain the purpose and legal standing of advance directives to the
family while providing emotional support.
9. A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which action
demonstrates the right of the client to refuse treatment?
Testing | Academic Year 2026/2027 |
Comprehensive Proctored Examination |
100 Verified Questions and Correct
Answer Rationales
1. A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a blood transfusion based on
religious beliefs. The client's family insists the nurse administer the blood.
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Administer the blood transfusion as requested by the family to save the client's
life.
B. Respect the client's refusal and document the decision in the medical
record.
C. Ask the provider to obtain a court order to override the client's refusal.
D. Delay the transfusion until the client is unconscious and then administer it.
Rationale: A competent adult has the right to refuse any treatment, including
life-saving interventions, under the principle of autonomy. The nurse must
respect the client's informed decision, document the refusal, and ensure the
provider is aware. Administering blood against the client's will constitutes battery.
Court orders are only appropriate when the client lacks decision-making capacity.
2. A nurse is assigning tasks to an LPN and assistive personnel (AP). Which task
should the nurse delegate to the AP?
A. Measuring the client's intake and output for a client with heart failure.
B. Evaluating the effectiveness of pain medication for a postoperative client.
C. Assessing a client's wound for signs of infection following surgery.
D. Teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic client about insulin administration.
, Rationale: Measuring intake and output is a standardized, non-invasive task
within the AP scope of practice. Evaluation, assessment, and teaching require RN-
level education and clinical judgment and cannot be delegated to APs or LPNs.
The RN retains accountability for all delegated tasks.
3. A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a client scheduled for a
colonoscopy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
A. Explain the risks and benefits of the procedure in detail before the client signs
the form.
B. Witness the client's signature on the consent form after the provider has
explained the procedure.
C. Obtain the consent form from the client's family member if the client is
sedated.
D. Sign the consent form on behalf of the client if the client is unable to write.
Rationale: The nurse's role in informed consent is to witness the client's
signature after the provider has explained the procedure, including risks, benefits,
and alternatives. The provider is responsible for the actual explanation. Consent
must be obtained from the client while competent; family members cannot
provide consent for a competent adult.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I do not want any heroic measures
taken if my heart stops." Which document should the nurse ensure is in the
medical record?
A. Living will
B. Power of attorney for finances
C. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order signed by the provider
D. Involuntary commitment documentation
Rationale: A DNR order is a medical order signed by a provider that directs
healthcare personnel not to perform CPR if the client's heart or breathing stops. A
living will expresses the client's wishes but must be translated into a provider
,order to be actionable. Power of attorney for finances addresses financial
decisions, not healthcare.
5. A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which task should the nurse
delegate to assistive personnel?
A. Changing the dressing for a client who has a stage 3 pressure injury
B. Determining a client's response to a diuretic
C. Comparing radial pulses for a client who is postoperative
D. Providing postmortem care to a client
Rationale: Providing postmortem care is a standard, non-invasive procedure
that falls within the AP scope of practice. Changing dressings, determining
medication responses, and assessing pulses require nursing judgment and cannot
be delegated to APs.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who asks about the purpose of advance
directives. Which statement should the nurse make?
A. "They allow the court to overrule an adult client's refusal of medical
treatment."
B. "They indicate the form of treatment a client is willing to accept in the
event of a serious illness."
C. "They permit a client to withhold medical information from health care
personnel."
D. "They allow health care personnel in the emergency department to stabilize a
client's condition."
Rationale: Advance directives include a living will, which permits clients to
direct the treatment they will receive in the event of a medical emergency or
serious illness. A court can only overrule an adult client's refusal of medical
treatment if the client is legally incompetent.
, 7. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit receives a shift report on four clients.
Which client should the nurse assess first?
A. A client who is 2 days postoperative and reports pain at a level of 4 on a scale
of 0 to 10.
B. A client who has a new onset of confusion and a respiratory rate of 28/min.
C. A client who requires discharge teaching about a new prescription for warfarin.
D. A client who is requesting assistance to ambulate for the first time after
surgery.
Rationale: Using the ABC priority framework, a client with new-onset
confusion and an elevated respiratory rate may be experiencing hypoxia or a
pulmonary embolism and requires immediate assessment. Pain management,
discharge teaching, and ambulation are important but can wait until the more
urgent client is stabilized.
8. A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has end-stage renal
disease. The client's advance directives state "no dialysis." The client's family
requests that dialysis be initiated. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Follow the family's request since they are the client's next of kin.
B. Honor the client's advance directive and explain the document to the
family.
C. Ask the provider to override the advance directive.
D. Delay the decision until the client becomes unresponsive.
Rationale: Advance directives are legally binding documents that express the
client's wishes. The nurse must honor the client's documented preferences. The
nurse should explain the purpose and legal standing of advance directives to the
family while providing emotional support.
9. A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which action
demonstrates the right of the client to refuse treatment?
