NURS 663 EXAM 1 FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Pre-operational Stage.
Answer: Piaget: 2 to 7 years
punishment for bad deeds is unavoidable (immanent justice)
think about things symbolically: a word or an object - stand for
something other than itself.
Egocentric: you do it too; difficulty taking another view point.
Animistic: I'm afraid of the moon
Lack of hierarchy: where do the blocks go
Centration: I want it now!
Irreversibility: I don't know how to go back there
Tranducive reasoning: go the way Daddy goes
5-6 get humor; do chores
6-7 good memory, solve problems
◉ Concrete Operations Period.
Answer: Piaget: 7 to 11 years
can think logically but still learn best from direct experience.
,thought is logical and reversible; the child understands classes,
relationships, and part-whole relationships dealing with concrete
things.
understanding of conservation and reversibility: conserve number
(age 6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9).
Understand hierarchies
◉ Formal (abstract) Operational stage.
Answer: Piaget: 11 years to adulthood—development of logic and
reasoning and second-order thoughts: thinking about thoughts.
the ability to think about abstract concepts, and logically test
hypotheses.
Problem-solving is systematized and organized manner, rather than
through trial-and-error
Avoid things based on supposition of neg consequences
◉ Trust vs. Mistrust.
Answer: Erickson: Infancy to 18 mo
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust;
dependent on primary caregiver attachment
Hope
temporal perspective vs time confusion
mutual recognition vs autistic isolation
psychopathology: psychosis, addiction, depression
,◉ Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Answer: Erikson: 18 mo-3 yrs
learns to exercise will and to do things independently. Holding on
and letting go: speech, sphincter and muscle control
Will
Will to be oneself vs doubt
Self-certainty vs self-consciousness
psychopath: paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
◉ Initiative vs. Guilt.
Answer: Erikson: 3-5 yrs
independence in planning, playing and other activities. beginnings of
super-ego, conscience in failure of the oedipal quest
Purpose
Anticipation of roles vs role inhibition
Role experimentation vs role fixation
psychopath: conversion disorder, inhibition
◉ Industry vs. Inferiority.
Answer: Erikson: 5 and 13 yrs
, learns to be productive, work with others, division of labor,
acquisition of tools, identification with teachers and occupations.
Competence
Task ID vs sense of futility
Apprenticeship vs work paralysis
If earlier stages fail or interruption of this stage: inadequacy and
inferiority
psychopath: creative inhibition, inertia
◉ identity vs. role confusion.
Answer: Erikson: 13-21 yrs
teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves.
Comparison of self as viewed by others vs as viewed by self. Social
roles important
Fidelity
psychopath: delinquent behavior; gender-related identity;
borderline psychotic episodes
◉ Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Answer: Erikson: 21-40 yrs
stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships,
marry, begin families. Make and honor commitments
To love and to work
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Pre-operational Stage.
Answer: Piaget: 2 to 7 years
punishment for bad deeds is unavoidable (immanent justice)
think about things symbolically: a word or an object - stand for
something other than itself.
Egocentric: you do it too; difficulty taking another view point.
Animistic: I'm afraid of the moon
Lack of hierarchy: where do the blocks go
Centration: I want it now!
Irreversibility: I don't know how to go back there
Tranducive reasoning: go the way Daddy goes
5-6 get humor; do chores
6-7 good memory, solve problems
◉ Concrete Operations Period.
Answer: Piaget: 7 to 11 years
can think logically but still learn best from direct experience.
,thought is logical and reversible; the child understands classes,
relationships, and part-whole relationships dealing with concrete
things.
understanding of conservation and reversibility: conserve number
(age 6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9).
Understand hierarchies
◉ Formal (abstract) Operational stage.
Answer: Piaget: 11 years to adulthood—development of logic and
reasoning and second-order thoughts: thinking about thoughts.
the ability to think about abstract concepts, and logically test
hypotheses.
Problem-solving is systematized and organized manner, rather than
through trial-and-error
Avoid things based on supposition of neg consequences
◉ Trust vs. Mistrust.
Answer: Erickson: Infancy to 18 mo
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust;
dependent on primary caregiver attachment
Hope
temporal perspective vs time confusion
mutual recognition vs autistic isolation
psychopathology: psychosis, addiction, depression
,◉ Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
Answer: Erikson: 18 mo-3 yrs
learns to exercise will and to do things independently. Holding on
and letting go: speech, sphincter and muscle control
Will
Will to be oneself vs doubt
Self-certainty vs self-consciousness
psychopath: paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
◉ Initiative vs. Guilt.
Answer: Erikson: 3-5 yrs
independence in planning, playing and other activities. beginnings of
super-ego, conscience in failure of the oedipal quest
Purpose
Anticipation of roles vs role inhibition
Role experimentation vs role fixation
psychopath: conversion disorder, inhibition
◉ Industry vs. Inferiority.
Answer: Erikson: 5 and 13 yrs
, learns to be productive, work with others, division of labor,
acquisition of tools, identification with teachers and occupations.
Competence
Task ID vs sense of futility
Apprenticeship vs work paralysis
If earlier stages fail or interruption of this stage: inadequacy and
inferiority
psychopath: creative inhibition, inertia
◉ identity vs. role confusion.
Answer: Erikson: 13-21 yrs
teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves.
Comparison of self as viewed by others vs as viewed by self. Social
roles important
Fidelity
psychopath: delinquent behavior; gender-related identity;
borderline psychotic episodes
◉ Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Answer: Erikson: 21-40 yrs
stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships,
marry, begin families. Make and honor commitments
To love and to work
