AQA A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY HAZARDS STUDY PAPER
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔The park model - reconstruction - ✔✔This involves rebuilding permanent houses
and infrastructure this results in one of two outcomes buildings being built to the same
standard as before and the area returned to normal or buildings are built to a higher
standard than before and the area improves.
✔✔How is the park model good? - ✔✔Shows how responses progress during a disaster
which may help learners predict what resources will be needed for each stage, also
helps planners to prepare for future hazard events for example the reconstruction phase
of the model shows that conditions can be improved after a disaster which will help to
mitigate the impacts of future hazard events.
✔✔What are the four phases in the hazard management cycle? - ✔✔Mitigation
preparedness and response and recovery
✔✔What are the four phases in the hazard management cycle for? - ✔✔Mitigation aims
to minimise the impact of future disasters, preparedness is about planning how to
respond to hazard, response is how people react when a disaster occurs and recovery
is about getting the affected area back to normal.
It's a cycle because hazard events keep happening so efforts to prepare for them or
mitigate them are ongoing.
✔✔Geophysical hazards - ✔✔Caused by land processes such as earthquakes and
volcanoes.
✔✔Atmospheric hazard - ✔✔Caused by climatic processes such as tropical cyclone
storms and droughts
✔✔Hydrological hazards - ✔✔Caused by water movement for example floods in
avalanches
✔✔The inner and outer core contain lots of - ✔✔Iron and nickel
✔✔The inner core is - ✔✔A solid ball
✔✔The outer core is - ✔✔Semi molten
✔✔What is that is the asthenosphere? - ✔✔The upper bit of the mantle that is below the
lithosphere it is semi molten.
✔✔What is the lithosphere? - ✔✔The rigid top part of the mantle and the crust.
, ✔✔Which type of crust is thicker? - ✔✔Continental crust is thicker at 30-70km but is
less dense than oceanic crust which is thinner at 6-10 km but more dense.
✔✔What is the earths main internal source of energy? - ✔✔Some of the heat energy is
leftover from when the earth formed and some is left over from radioactive decay of
elements such as uranium.
✔✔What are the theories of how tectonic plates move? - ✔✔Convection Currents,
Ridge Push and Slab Pull.
✔✔How do convection currents move tectonic plates? - ✔✔The core is very hot and
lower parts of the asthenosphere heat up and slowly rise. As they move towards the top
of asthenosphere they cool down and become more dense and slowly sink. The circular
movements of the semi molten rock create drag on the base of the tectonic plate
causing them to move.
✔✔How does Slab Pull move tectonic plates? - ✔✔At Destructive plate margins, denser
crust is forced under less dense crust.
✔✔How does Ridge Push move tectonic plates? - ✔✔At constructive plate margin
magma rises to the surface and forms new crust. This heats the surrounding rocks
which expand and rise above the surface of the surrounding rocks forming a slope. As
the new crust cools and becomes denser, gravity causes the denser rock to move down
slope away from the plate margins, this puts pressure on the plate margins, causing
them to move apart. ( also know as gravitational sliding )
✔✔Seafloor spreading - ✔✔As tectonic plates diverge, magma rises up to fill in the gap
created this then cools to form new crust. Over time the new crust is dragged apart to
form more new crust. When this happens at a plate margin under the sea the plate
margin gets wider.
✔✔What does seafloor spreading create? - ✔✔Mid ocean ridges.
✔✔What are the three types of plate margins? - ✔✔Constructive destructive and
Conservative
✔✔On what type of plate margins do volcanoes occur? - ✔✔Constructive and
destructive
✔✔On what type of plate margins do earthquakes occur? - ✔✔Constructive destructive
and Conservative
✔✔Constructive margins - volcanos - ✔✔Where two plates are moving apart, the
mantle is under pressure from the plates above and when they move apart the pressure
is released at the margin the release of pressure causes the mantle to melt producing
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔The park model - reconstruction - ✔✔This involves rebuilding permanent houses
and infrastructure this results in one of two outcomes buildings being built to the same
standard as before and the area returned to normal or buildings are built to a higher
standard than before and the area improves.
✔✔How is the park model good? - ✔✔Shows how responses progress during a disaster
which may help learners predict what resources will be needed for each stage, also
helps planners to prepare for future hazard events for example the reconstruction phase
of the model shows that conditions can be improved after a disaster which will help to
mitigate the impacts of future hazard events.
✔✔What are the four phases in the hazard management cycle? - ✔✔Mitigation
preparedness and response and recovery
✔✔What are the four phases in the hazard management cycle for? - ✔✔Mitigation aims
to minimise the impact of future disasters, preparedness is about planning how to
respond to hazard, response is how people react when a disaster occurs and recovery
is about getting the affected area back to normal.
It's a cycle because hazard events keep happening so efforts to prepare for them or
mitigate them are ongoing.
✔✔Geophysical hazards - ✔✔Caused by land processes such as earthquakes and
volcanoes.
✔✔Atmospheric hazard - ✔✔Caused by climatic processes such as tropical cyclone
storms and droughts
✔✔Hydrological hazards - ✔✔Caused by water movement for example floods in
avalanches
✔✔The inner and outer core contain lots of - ✔✔Iron and nickel
✔✔The inner core is - ✔✔A solid ball
✔✔The outer core is - ✔✔Semi molten
✔✔What is that is the asthenosphere? - ✔✔The upper bit of the mantle that is below the
lithosphere it is semi molten.
✔✔What is the lithosphere? - ✔✔The rigid top part of the mantle and the crust.
, ✔✔Which type of crust is thicker? - ✔✔Continental crust is thicker at 30-70km but is
less dense than oceanic crust which is thinner at 6-10 km but more dense.
✔✔What is the earths main internal source of energy? - ✔✔Some of the heat energy is
leftover from when the earth formed and some is left over from radioactive decay of
elements such as uranium.
✔✔What are the theories of how tectonic plates move? - ✔✔Convection Currents,
Ridge Push and Slab Pull.
✔✔How do convection currents move tectonic plates? - ✔✔The core is very hot and
lower parts of the asthenosphere heat up and slowly rise. As they move towards the top
of asthenosphere they cool down and become more dense and slowly sink. The circular
movements of the semi molten rock create drag on the base of the tectonic plate
causing them to move.
✔✔How does Slab Pull move tectonic plates? - ✔✔At Destructive plate margins, denser
crust is forced under less dense crust.
✔✔How does Ridge Push move tectonic plates? - ✔✔At constructive plate margin
magma rises to the surface and forms new crust. This heats the surrounding rocks
which expand and rise above the surface of the surrounding rocks forming a slope. As
the new crust cools and becomes denser, gravity causes the denser rock to move down
slope away from the plate margins, this puts pressure on the plate margins, causing
them to move apart. ( also know as gravitational sliding )
✔✔Seafloor spreading - ✔✔As tectonic plates diverge, magma rises up to fill in the gap
created this then cools to form new crust. Over time the new crust is dragged apart to
form more new crust. When this happens at a plate margin under the sea the plate
margin gets wider.
✔✔What does seafloor spreading create? - ✔✔Mid ocean ridges.
✔✔What are the three types of plate margins? - ✔✔Constructive destructive and
Conservative
✔✔On what type of plate margins do volcanoes occur? - ✔✔Constructive and
destructive
✔✔On what type of plate margins do earthquakes occur? - ✔✔Constructive destructive
and Conservative
✔✔Constructive margins - volcanos - ✔✔Where two plates are moving apart, the
mantle is under pressure from the plates above and when they move apart the pressure
is released at the margin the release of pressure causes the mantle to melt producing
