AQA A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY 7032
◉ input. Answer: the addition of matter and/or energy into a system
◉ transfer. Answer: (flow)
a form of linkage between one store/component and another that
involves movement of energy or mass
◉ store. Answer: (component)
a part of the system where energy/mass is stored or transformed
◉ output. Answer: the results of the processes within a system
◉ isolated system. Answer: have no interactions with anything outside
of the system boundary
no input/output of energy or matter
rare in nature
,◉ closed system. Answer: have transfers of energy both into and beyond
the system boundary but not transfer of matter
◉ open system. Answer: matter and energy can be transferred from the
system across the boundary into the surrounding environment
(most ecosystems)
◉ cascading system. Answer: transfer of mass and energy along a chain
of component subsystems, output from one becomes input for another
◉ positive feedback. Answer: when the affects of an action are
amplified by subsequent secondary effects
◉ negative feedback. Answer: the effects of an action are nullified by its
subsequent knock on effects
◉ dynamic equilibrium. Answer: when there is a balance between the
inputs and outputs
stores stay the same
◉ major water stores. Answer: - hydrosphere (oceanic)
- atmosphere (gas water)
- cryosphere (solid water)
- lithosphere (terrestrial)
,◉ oceanic water. Answer: water stored in oceans and seas excluding
inland seas
stores 97% hydrosphere
◉ cryospheric water stores. Answer: Water stored on the Earth as ice.
sea ice
ice sheets
ice caps
alpine glaciers
permafrost
◉ sea ice. Answer: forms when water in the oceans is cooled below
freezing
does not raise sea levels when it melts as it is formed from ocean water
◉ ice sheets. Answer: mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50
000 km2
◉ ice caps. Answer: Thick layers of ice on land that are smaller than
50,000km2
, ◉ alpine glaciers. Answer: Thick masses of ice found in deep valleys or
in upland hollows
◉ permafrost. Answer: ground that remains frozen for 2 consecutive
years
◉ terrestrial water stores. Answer: surface water
groundwater
soil water
biological water
◉ surface water. Answer: free flowing water of rivers as well as ponds
and lakes
areas where water covers the soil
◉ groundwater. Answer: water that collects underground in the pore
spaces of rock
◉ soil water. Answer: water between soil particles
controls exchange pf water and heat energy between land and
atmosphere through evaporation and plant transpiration
◉ biological water. Answer: water stored in all biomass
◉ input. Answer: the addition of matter and/or energy into a system
◉ transfer. Answer: (flow)
a form of linkage between one store/component and another that
involves movement of energy or mass
◉ store. Answer: (component)
a part of the system where energy/mass is stored or transformed
◉ output. Answer: the results of the processes within a system
◉ isolated system. Answer: have no interactions with anything outside
of the system boundary
no input/output of energy or matter
rare in nature
,◉ closed system. Answer: have transfers of energy both into and beyond
the system boundary but not transfer of matter
◉ open system. Answer: matter and energy can be transferred from the
system across the boundary into the surrounding environment
(most ecosystems)
◉ cascading system. Answer: transfer of mass and energy along a chain
of component subsystems, output from one becomes input for another
◉ positive feedback. Answer: when the affects of an action are
amplified by subsequent secondary effects
◉ negative feedback. Answer: the effects of an action are nullified by its
subsequent knock on effects
◉ dynamic equilibrium. Answer: when there is a balance between the
inputs and outputs
stores stay the same
◉ major water stores. Answer: - hydrosphere (oceanic)
- atmosphere (gas water)
- cryosphere (solid water)
- lithosphere (terrestrial)
,◉ oceanic water. Answer: water stored in oceans and seas excluding
inland seas
stores 97% hydrosphere
◉ cryospheric water stores. Answer: Water stored on the Earth as ice.
sea ice
ice sheets
ice caps
alpine glaciers
permafrost
◉ sea ice. Answer: forms when water in the oceans is cooled below
freezing
does not raise sea levels when it melts as it is formed from ocean water
◉ ice sheets. Answer: mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50
000 km2
◉ ice caps. Answer: Thick layers of ice on land that are smaller than
50,000km2
, ◉ alpine glaciers. Answer: Thick masses of ice found in deep valleys or
in upland hollows
◉ permafrost. Answer: ground that remains frozen for 2 consecutive
years
◉ terrestrial water stores. Answer: surface water
groundwater
soil water
biological water
◉ surface water. Answer: free flowing water of rivers as well as ponds
and lakes
areas where water covers the soil
◉ groundwater. Answer: water that collects underground in the pore
spaces of rock
◉ soil water. Answer: water between soil particles
controls exchange pf water and heat energy between land and
atmosphere through evaporation and plant transpiration
◉ biological water. Answer: water stored in all biomass
