AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Dative covalent bond - ✔✔When an electron pair donated by one molecule is
shared between two molecules
✔✔Activation energy - ✔✔the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical
reaction
✔✔Disproportionation - ✔✔when a substance is oxidised and reduced in a reaction to
produce two different products
✔✔Anion - ✔✔A negatively charged ion
✔✔Cation - ✔✔A positively charged ion
✔✔atom economy - ✔✔molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of the molecular
masses of all reactants x100
✔✔Dynamic Equilibrium - ✔✔a equilibrium where both the forward and reerse reactions
are occuring a the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants and products
remain constant
✔✔Enthalpy of combustion - ✔✔the enthalpy chang when one mole of of a substance if
burned completley in excess oxygen with all reactants and products in their standard
stases under standard conditions
✔✔Homologous series - ✔✔series of compounds with the same general formula
✔✔Percentage yield - ✔✔actual yield/theoretical yield x100
✔✔reflux - ✔✔the continuous boiling and condensing of a mixture
✔✔structural isomerism - ✔✔compounds that have the same molecular formula but
differnet structural formula
✔✔Time of flight mass spec stages - ✔✔1.Electrospray Ionization
sample vaporized and put into a small capillary tube and high voltage is applied causing
the atoms to lose an electron and making the sample a mononuclear gas
2.Acceleration
Ions accelerated by an electric field, smaller ions travel faster
3.ion drift
, ions have a constant speed and kinetic energy and enter region of no electric field (flight
tube)
Smaller ions move faster
4.Detection
Smaller ions reach detector first as they travel faster
5.Data analysis
time and mass of the ins are recorded by a computer and analyzed to make a mass
spectrum
✔✔concordant results ins titrations - ✔✔similar results to the neares 0.1cm3
✔✔van der waals forces - ✔✔slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules
✔✔exothermic - ✔✔Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form
of heat
✔✔endothermic - ✔✔(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with
absorption of heat
✔✔rate of reaction - ✔✔the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds
✔✔redox reaction - ✔✔an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
✔✔saturated - ✔✔Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens.
✔✔unsaturated - ✔✔Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or
more of its fatty acid chains
✔✔polymer - ✔✔large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
✔✔monomer - ✔✔A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form
polymers
✔✔chain isomer - ✔✔different ways of arranging a carbon chain
✔✔hydrogen bond - ✔✔weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
✔✔bond dissociation energy - ✔✔The energy required to break the bond between two
covalently bonded atoms.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Dative covalent bond - ✔✔When an electron pair donated by one molecule is
shared between two molecules
✔✔Activation energy - ✔✔the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical
reaction
✔✔Disproportionation - ✔✔when a substance is oxidised and reduced in a reaction to
produce two different products
✔✔Anion - ✔✔A negatively charged ion
✔✔Cation - ✔✔A positively charged ion
✔✔atom economy - ✔✔molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of the molecular
masses of all reactants x100
✔✔Dynamic Equilibrium - ✔✔a equilibrium where both the forward and reerse reactions
are occuring a the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants and products
remain constant
✔✔Enthalpy of combustion - ✔✔the enthalpy chang when one mole of of a substance if
burned completley in excess oxygen with all reactants and products in their standard
stases under standard conditions
✔✔Homologous series - ✔✔series of compounds with the same general formula
✔✔Percentage yield - ✔✔actual yield/theoretical yield x100
✔✔reflux - ✔✔the continuous boiling and condensing of a mixture
✔✔structural isomerism - ✔✔compounds that have the same molecular formula but
differnet structural formula
✔✔Time of flight mass spec stages - ✔✔1.Electrospray Ionization
sample vaporized and put into a small capillary tube and high voltage is applied causing
the atoms to lose an electron and making the sample a mononuclear gas
2.Acceleration
Ions accelerated by an electric field, smaller ions travel faster
3.ion drift
, ions have a constant speed and kinetic energy and enter region of no electric field (flight
tube)
Smaller ions move faster
4.Detection
Smaller ions reach detector first as they travel faster
5.Data analysis
time and mass of the ins are recorded by a computer and analyzed to make a mass
spectrum
✔✔concordant results ins titrations - ✔✔similar results to the neares 0.1cm3
✔✔van der waals forces - ✔✔slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules
✔✔exothermic - ✔✔Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form
of heat
✔✔endothermic - ✔✔(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with
absorption of heat
✔✔rate of reaction - ✔✔the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds
✔✔redox reaction - ✔✔an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
✔✔saturated - ✔✔Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens.
✔✔unsaturated - ✔✔Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or
more of its fatty acid chains
✔✔polymer - ✔✔large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
✔✔monomer - ✔✔A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form
polymers
✔✔chain isomer - ✔✔different ways of arranging a carbon chain
✔✔hydrogen bond - ✔✔weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
✔✔bond dissociation energy - ✔✔The energy required to break the bond between two
covalently bonded atoms.
