NURS 711 EXAM 3 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA |
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) would most likely
exhibit which of the following findings?
A. Serum hyperosmolality
B. Increased urinary output
C. Hypernatremia
D. Serum hyponatremia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention and delusional hyponatremia. Serum osmolality decreases while urine osmolality
increases.
2. Which pathophysiological mechanism explains the polydipsia associated with Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Intracellular dehydration due to osmotic shifts
,B. Inhibition of the thirst center by ketones
C. Loss of sodium in the urine
D. Direct stimulation of ADH by high glucose levels
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: High blood glucose levels cause an osmotic pull of water from
the intracellular space to the extracellular space, leading to intracellular dehydration and
stimulation of the thirst center.
3. In Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, the primary cause of thyroid gland failure is:
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Autoimmune-mediated destruction via antibodies and T-cells
C. Excessive TSH production causing exhaustion
D. Viral infection of the follicular cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune disorder where antithyroid
peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies lead to the destruction of the thyroid gland.
4. A patient presents with a buffalo hump, moon face, and purple striae. Which laboratory
finding is consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypoglycemia
, C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercortisolism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: These are classic signs of Cushing’s Syndrome, which is caused
by excess cortisol. This often leads to hyperglycemia and hypokalemia.
5. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease, leading to salt wasting and
hyperkalemia?
A. Cortisol only
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Vasopressin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Addison’s involves primary adrenal insufficiency. Loss of
aldosterone leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and decreased potassium excretion.
6. What is the primary difference in the pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Type 1 involves obesity-related inflammation
B. Type 2 is strictly a genetic disorder of the alpha cells
C. Type 1 involves absolute insulin deficiency via beta-cell destruction
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA |
GUARANTEE PASS
1. A patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) would most likely
exhibit which of the following findings?
A. Serum hyperosmolality
B. Increased urinary output
C. Hypernatremia
D. Serum hyponatremia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH secretion, leading to water
retention and delusional hyponatremia. Serum osmolality decreases while urine osmolality
increases.
2. Which pathophysiological mechanism explains the polydipsia associated with Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Intracellular dehydration due to osmotic shifts
,B. Inhibition of the thirst center by ketones
C. Loss of sodium in the urine
D. Direct stimulation of ADH by high glucose levels
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: High blood glucose levels cause an osmotic pull of water from
the intracellular space to the extracellular space, leading to intracellular dehydration and
stimulation of the thirst center.
3. In Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, the primary cause of thyroid gland failure is:
A. Iodine deficiency
B. Autoimmune-mediated destruction via antibodies and T-cells
C. Excessive TSH production causing exhaustion
D. Viral infection of the follicular cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune disorder where antithyroid
peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies lead to the destruction of the thyroid gland.
4. A patient presents with a buffalo hump, moon face, and purple striae. Which laboratory
finding is consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypoglycemia
, C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercortisolism
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: These are classic signs of Cushing’s Syndrome, which is caused
by excess cortisol. This often leads to hyperglycemia and hypokalemia.
5. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease, leading to salt wasting and
hyperkalemia?
A. Cortisol only
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Vasopressin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Addison’s involves primary adrenal insufficiency. Loss of
aldosterone leads to decreased sodium reabsorption and decreased potassium excretion.
6. What is the primary difference in the pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Type 1 involves obesity-related inflammation
B. Type 2 is strictly a genetic disorder of the alpha cells
C. Type 1 involves absolute insulin deficiency via beta-cell destruction
