NURS 711 FINAL EXAM: ADVANCED
PRACTICE NURSING COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA |
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often as a response to chronic irritation?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another less differentiated cell type, such as ciliated columnar epithelium being replaced
by stratified squamous epithelium in the lungs of smokers.
2. In the context of fluid and electrolytes, what is the primary mechanism by which
aldosterone increases blood volume?
A. Promoting potassium retention
,B. Inhibiting Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Stimulating the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubules
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the
nephron to increase sodium reabsorption; water follows the sodium osmotically, thereby
increasing intravascular volume.
3. A patient presents with a pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
with a relatively normal HCO3 indicates the cause is respiratory retention of CO2.
4. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves the release of
histamine from mast cells?
A. Type III
, B. Type II
C. Type I
D. Type IV
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic reaction
involving IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, triggering degranulation.
5. In research, what does a p-value of 0.03 indicate when the alpha level is set at 0.05?
A. The results are not statistically significant
B. A Type II error has occurred
C. The null hypothesis should be rejected
D. The effect size is large
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A p-value less than the alpha (0.05) indicates that the observed
result is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, allowing the researcher to reject the
null hypothesis.
6. Which compensatory mechanism is activated first in response to a sudden drop in cardiac
output?
A. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
B. Renal hypertrophy
PRACTICE NURSING COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS |
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA |
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often as a response to chronic irritation?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another less differentiated cell type, such as ciliated columnar epithelium being replaced
by stratified squamous epithelium in the lungs of smokers.
2. In the context of fluid and electrolytes, what is the primary mechanism by which
aldosterone increases blood volume?
A. Promoting potassium retention
,B. Inhibiting Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Stimulating the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubules
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the
nephron to increase sodium reabsorption; water follows the sodium osmotically, thereby
increasing intravascular volume.
3. A patient presents with a pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Which
acid-base imbalance is occurring?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Metabolic Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
with a relatively normal HCO3 indicates the cause is respiratory retention of CO2.
4. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves the release of
histamine from mast cells?
A. Type III
, B. Type II
C. Type I
D. Type IV
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic reaction
involving IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, triggering degranulation.
5. In research, what does a p-value of 0.03 indicate when the alpha level is set at 0.05?
A. The results are not statistically significant
B. A Type II error has occurred
C. The null hypothesis should be rejected
D. The effect size is large
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A p-value less than the alpha (0.05) indicates that the observed
result is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, allowing the researcher to reject the
null hypothesis.
6. Which compensatory mechanism is activated first in response to a sudden drop in cardiac
output?
A. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
B. Renal hypertrophy
