TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION |
TRUSTED BY STUDENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE DISCIPLINES!
| QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Metabolic absorption Answer: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Nucleus Answer: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity.
Peroxisomes Answer: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Lysosomes Answer: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix.
Digestive enzyme development sequence Answer: The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by
RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory
vesicle to the cell membrane.
Enzyme transcription process Answer: The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane.
Cell cycle phases Answer: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G
= gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs; and (4) the M phase, which includes
nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
Organic compound for transportation Answer: Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units
(receptors) for substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for
various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino
acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the
extracellular environment.
Diseases related to proteolytic cascades Answer: Understanding the various steps involved in
proteolytic cascades is crucial for designing drug interventions for autoimmune and malignant
disorders.
Structure preventing water-soluble molecules Answer: The lipid bilayer prevents water-soluble
molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane because it is impermeable to most
water-soluble molecules.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
TRUSTED BY STUDENTS ACROSS MULTIPLE DISCIPLINES!
| QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Metabolic absorption Answer: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Nucleus Answer: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely
of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity.
Peroxisomes Answer: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Lysosomes Answer: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix.
Digestive enzyme development sequence Answer: The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by
RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory
vesicle to the cell membrane.
Enzyme transcription process Answer: The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane.
Cell cycle phases Answer: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G
= gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs; and (4) the M phase, which includes
nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
Organic compound for transportation Answer: Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units
(receptors) for substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for
various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino
acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the
extracellular environment.
Diseases related to proteolytic cascades Answer: Understanding the various steps involved in
proteolytic cascades is crucial for designing drug interventions for autoimmune and malignant
disorders.
Structure preventing water-soluble molecules Answer: The lipid bilayer prevents water-soluble
molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane because it is impermeable to most
water-soluble molecules.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
