WGU D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS - FINAL ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
1. Which normal form is specifically designed to handle anomalies arising from multiple
multi-valued dependencies in a single relation?
A. Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
D. Second Normal Form (2NF)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 4NF addresses multi-valued dependencies where one attribute
is independent of another but both depend on the primary key.
2. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if every determinant is a:
A. Superkey
B. Primary Key
C. Foreign Key
,D. Candidate Key
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF requires that for every non-trivial functional dependency
X -> Y, X must be a superkey.
3. In the relational model, which operation produces a relation that contains all pairs of
tuples from two relations, regardless of whether they match?
A. Natural Join
B. Intersection
C. Cartesian Product
D. Theta Join
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Cartesian Product (Cross Join) combines every row from the
first table with every row from the second table.
4. Which constraint ensures that every value in a foreign key column matches a value in the
referenced primary key column?
A. Entity Integrity
B. Domain Integrity
C. Referential Integrity
D. User-defined Integrity
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Referential integrity maintains the consistency of data between
related tables using foreign keys.
5. When an entity set has no primary key of its own, it is referred to as a(n):
A. Recursive entity
B. Weak entity
C. Subtype entity
D. Associative entity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Weak entities depend on a strong entity for their identity and do
not have a unique identifier of their own.
6. In Crow’s Foot notation, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line represent?
A. A minimum cardinality of zero (Optional)
B. A minimum cardinality of one (Mandatory)
C. A maximum cardinality of many
D. A unique constraint
Answer: A
FOUNDATIONS - FINAL ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
1. Which normal form is specifically designed to handle anomalies arising from multiple
multi-valued dependencies in a single relation?
A. Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
D. Second Normal Form (2NF)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 4NF addresses multi-valued dependencies where one attribute
is independent of another but both depend on the primary key.
2. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if every determinant is a:
A. Superkey
B. Primary Key
C. Foreign Key
,D. Candidate Key
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF requires that for every non-trivial functional dependency
X -> Y, X must be a superkey.
3. In the relational model, which operation produces a relation that contains all pairs of
tuples from two relations, regardless of whether they match?
A. Natural Join
B. Intersection
C. Cartesian Product
D. Theta Join
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Cartesian Product (Cross Join) combines every row from the
first table with every row from the second table.
4. Which constraint ensures that every value in a foreign key column matches a value in the
referenced primary key column?
A. Entity Integrity
B. Domain Integrity
C. Referential Integrity
D. User-defined Integrity
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Referential integrity maintains the consistency of data between
related tables using foreign keys.
5. When an entity set has no primary key of its own, it is referred to as a(n):
A. Recursive entity
B. Weak entity
C. Subtype entity
D. Associative entity
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Weak entities depend on a strong entity for their identity and do
not have a unique identifier of their own.
6. In Crow’s Foot notation, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line represent?
A. A minimum cardinality of zero (Optional)
B. A minimum cardinality of one (Mandatory)
C. A maximum cardinality of many
D. A unique constraint
Answer: A
