APHY 102 STUDY SHEET COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
◉ Understand the role of negative feedback in control of hormone
secretions. Answer: A control mechanism in which rising level of a
hormone leads to a decrease in hormone secretion
◉ What is a paracrine secretion? Answer: glands that secrete messenger
molecules that affect nearby cells
◉ What is an autocrine secretion? Answer: glands that secrete
messenger molecules that affect cells that secrete substances
◉ What is an exocrine gland? Answer: a gland that produces and
secretes substances into ducts that lead to body surfaces; external
◉ What is an endocrine gland? Answer: A gland that secretes a
substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream, acting only on target cells;
internal
◉ Location of hypothalamus. Answer: below the thalamus
,◉ Location of pituitary gland. Answer: base of the brain in sella turcica
of sphenoid bone
◉ Location of pineal gland. Answer: brain
◉ Location of parathyroid glands. Answer: posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
◉ Location of thyroid gland. Answer: neck
◉ Location of thymus. Answer: behind the sternum
◉ Location of adrenal gland. Answer: on top of the kidneys
◉ Location of adrenal cortex. Answer: outer portion of gland
◉ Location of adrenal medulla. Answer: inside portion of gland
◉ Location of pancreas. Answer: behind the stomach
◉ Location of testes. Answer: scrotum
, ◉ Location of ovary. Answer: lower abdomen
◉ Describe steroid hormones. Answer: poor water-solubility; can diffuse
through lipid bilayer of cell membranes; cortisol, testosterone, sex
hormones; derived from cholesterol
◉ Sequence of Steroid Hormone Action. Answer: 1. endocrine gland
secretes steroid hormone
2. blood carries hormone throughout body
3. steroid hormone diffuses through target cell membrane & enters
cytoplasm or nucleus
4. hormone combines with a receptor molecule in the cytoplasm or
nucleus
5. steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA & promotes
transcription of messenger RNA
6. messenger RNA enters the cytoplasm & directs protein synthesis
7. newly synthesized proteins produce the steroid hormone's specific
effects
◉ Describe non-steroid hormones. Answer: Amines, proteins, peptides,
and glycoproteins; cannot penetrate lipid bilayer; bind to receptors on
target cell membrane; 1st messenger, cAMP is 2nd messenger
◉ Sequence of non-steroid hormone using cyclic AMP. Answer: 1.
Endocrine gland secretes non-steroid hormone.
SOLUTIONS
◉ Understand the role of negative feedback in control of hormone
secretions. Answer: A control mechanism in which rising level of a
hormone leads to a decrease in hormone secretion
◉ What is a paracrine secretion? Answer: glands that secrete messenger
molecules that affect nearby cells
◉ What is an autocrine secretion? Answer: glands that secrete
messenger molecules that affect cells that secrete substances
◉ What is an exocrine gland? Answer: a gland that produces and
secretes substances into ducts that lead to body surfaces; external
◉ What is an endocrine gland? Answer: A gland that secretes a
substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream, acting only on target cells;
internal
◉ Location of hypothalamus. Answer: below the thalamus
,◉ Location of pituitary gland. Answer: base of the brain in sella turcica
of sphenoid bone
◉ Location of pineal gland. Answer: brain
◉ Location of parathyroid glands. Answer: posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
◉ Location of thyroid gland. Answer: neck
◉ Location of thymus. Answer: behind the sternum
◉ Location of adrenal gland. Answer: on top of the kidneys
◉ Location of adrenal cortex. Answer: outer portion of gland
◉ Location of adrenal medulla. Answer: inside portion of gland
◉ Location of pancreas. Answer: behind the stomach
◉ Location of testes. Answer: scrotum
, ◉ Location of ovary. Answer: lower abdomen
◉ Describe steroid hormones. Answer: poor water-solubility; can diffuse
through lipid bilayer of cell membranes; cortisol, testosterone, sex
hormones; derived from cholesterol
◉ Sequence of Steroid Hormone Action. Answer: 1. endocrine gland
secretes steroid hormone
2. blood carries hormone throughout body
3. steroid hormone diffuses through target cell membrane & enters
cytoplasm or nucleus
4. hormone combines with a receptor molecule in the cytoplasm or
nucleus
5. steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA & promotes
transcription of messenger RNA
6. messenger RNA enters the cytoplasm & directs protein synthesis
7. newly synthesized proteins produce the steroid hormone's specific
effects
◉ Describe non-steroid hormones. Answer: Amines, proteins, peptides,
and glycoproteins; cannot penetrate lipid bilayer; bind to receptors on
target cell membrane; 1st messenger, cAMP is 2nd messenger
◉ Sequence of non-steroid hormone using cyclic AMP. Answer: 1.
Endocrine gland secretes non-steroid hormone.
