APEA TESTED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
● Which type of angina results from coronary artery vasospasm and
occurs in atypical patterns?
Classic angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina
Pleuritic chest pain - Prinzmetal's angina
Results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in an atypical
pattern. It is usually at a single site. It can occur in a normal or disease
vessel. Pain is usually resolved with angina medication.
Classic (stable angina) occurs when the heart is stressed, lasts less than 5
minutes, and usually resolves with rest.
Unstable angina is considered a medical emergency because it lasts
longer than 5 minutes, does not follow the normal pain pattern, and may
not resolve with rest or angina medication. It is often associated or
signals a MI.
● A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with:
a high cardiac index
,decreased vascular resistance
increased ventricular ejection fraction
mixed venous oxygen saturation - mixed venous oxygen saturation
Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the
left, right, or both ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen
saturation.
● With each heart beat, blood within the left and right ventricle is
ejected into the:
left atrium only
aorta and pulmonary artery
anterior descending artery
right coronary artery - aorta and pulmonary artery
● The primary cause of cardiogenic shock in a patient with an acute MI
is:
failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately
failure of the aortic valve to pump blood adequately
regurgitation of the tricuspid valve
regurgitation of the mitral valve - failure of the ventricle to pump
adequately
,● Unstable angina is characterized by:
angina with prolonged activity
angina symptoms lasting >6 months.
increasing crescendo angina
angina with elevated cardiac markers - increased crescendo angina
unstable angina is characterized by prolonged angina at rest (usually >20
minutes at rest), and increasing crescendo angina (now more frequent &
longer duration)
● Which one of the following produces visible evidence of an
underlying problem with reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins - varicose veins
● Which one of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient
who is experiencing shock?
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension - end-organ hyperperfusion
, ● A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by
ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis - dilated cardiomyopathy
● Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain
secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
elevated creatine - oxygen demand
● What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system,
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in
the presence of impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - Production of arterial vasoconstriction
● Which type of angina results from coronary artery vasospasm and
occurs in atypical patterns?
Classic angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina
Pleuritic chest pain - Prinzmetal's angina
Results from coronary artery vasospasm and occurs in an atypical
pattern. It is usually at a single site. It can occur in a normal or disease
vessel. Pain is usually resolved with angina medication.
Classic (stable angina) occurs when the heart is stressed, lasts less than 5
minutes, and usually resolves with rest.
Unstable angina is considered a medical emergency because it lasts
longer than 5 minutes, does not follow the normal pain pattern, and may
not resolve with rest or angina medication. It is often associated or
signals a MI.
● A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with:
a high cardiac index
,decreased vascular resistance
increased ventricular ejection fraction
mixed venous oxygen saturation - mixed venous oxygen saturation
Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the
left, right, or both ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen
saturation.
● With each heart beat, blood within the left and right ventricle is
ejected into the:
left atrium only
aorta and pulmonary artery
anterior descending artery
right coronary artery - aorta and pulmonary artery
● The primary cause of cardiogenic shock in a patient with an acute MI
is:
failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately
failure of the aortic valve to pump blood adequately
regurgitation of the tricuspid valve
regurgitation of the mitral valve - failure of the ventricle to pump
adequately
,● Unstable angina is characterized by:
angina with prolonged activity
angina symptoms lasting >6 months.
increasing crescendo angina
angina with elevated cardiac markers - increased crescendo angina
unstable angina is characterized by prolonged angina at rest (usually >20
minutes at rest), and increasing crescendo angina (now more frequent &
longer duration)
● Which one of the following produces visible evidence of an
underlying problem with reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins - varicose veins
● Which one of the following is NOT an assessment finding in a patient
who is experiencing shock?
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension - end-organ hyperperfusion
, ● A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by
ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis - dilated cardiomyopathy
● Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience chest pain
secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
elevated creatine - oxygen demand
● What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system,
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in
the presence of impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - Production of arterial vasoconstriction
