NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
NUR 2058 / NUR2058
DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
EXAM 2 - Latest 2026/2027 Edition
Rasmussen University - College of Nursing
Total Questions: 100 | Sections: 8 | Cognitive Levels: 20% Recall / 50% Application / 30% Analysis
Format: 75% Scenario-Based, 25% Direct Knowledge | Question Style: Multiple Choice (A-D) with Rationale
Instructions to the Candidate: This comprehensive examination consists of 100 multiple-choice questions organized into
8 sections covering the core dimensions of professional nursing practice. Each question has four options (A, B, C, D) with
exactly one best answer. Read each question carefully and select the option that best addresses the clinical scenario,
theoretical concept, or professional issue presented. The correct answer and a 2-4 sentence rationale are provided
immediately beneath each question for self-assessment and review. This examination is aligned with the NCLEX-RN Test
Plan, QSEN Competencies (Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork & Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality
Improvement, Safety, and Informatics), and the ANA Standards of Professional Nursing Practice.
Section 1: Nursing Theory & Conceptual Frameworks
Q1: A nursing student is reviewing the historical foundations of the profession. Which nurse theorist is
recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is credited with introducing the Environmental Theory?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Florence Nightingale *[CORRECT]*
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is universally recognized as the founder of modern nursing; her Environmental Theory (1859)
posits that nurses manipulate the physical environment-ventilation, light, warmth, cleanliness, and noise-to support the patient's
natural reparative processes. Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals with activities they would perform unaided if they
had the strength; Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory; and Rogers contributed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. This
aligns with NUR 2058's emphasis on the historical and conceptual foundations of nursing practice.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 1
,NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q2: A nurse is caring for a 68-year-old patient recovering from a stroke who now has difficulty performing
bathing, dressing, and feeding independently. The patient states, "I hate having to ask for help with
everything." Which nursing theory BEST guides the nurse's plan of care?
A. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory *[CORRECT]*
B. Roy's Adaptation Model
C. Leininger's Culture Care Theory
D. Parse's Human Becoming Theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory directly applies when a patient cannot perform self-care activities due to illness or
injury; the nurse compensates by using a wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, or supportive-educative system. The scenario
describes a clear self-care deficit in ADLs. Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on adaptation to stimuli, Leininger's theory addresses
cultural care congruence, and Parse's theory emphasizes patient-led meaning; none directly address self-care deficits as precisely as
Orem's theory.
Q3: A nurse sits with a dying patient, holding their hand and being fully present, rather than focusing on
technical tasks. The nurse's action BEST reflects which theorist's approach to nursing?
A. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring *[CORRECT]*
B. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
C. Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model
D. Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring centers on transpersonal caring relationships and the use of carative factors,
including being authentically present and honoring the patient's dignity. Hand-holding and presence are hallmarks of Watson's
caritas processes. Neuman's model addresses stressors and system stability, Johnson's model addresses behavioral subsystems, and
Peplau's theory emphasizes the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship over phases of orientation, working, and termination.
Q4: A nurse is caring for a patient from a Somali refugee family. The patient's husband insists on speaking
for his wife and requests that only female healthcare providers provide care. The nurse wants to provide
culturally congruent care. Which nursing theory BEST guides this situation?
A. Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
B. Madeleine Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory *[CORRECT]*
C. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
D. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory explicitly addresses culturally congruent care through three
modes: preservation/maintenance, accommodation/negotiation, and repatterning/restructuring. The nurse should accommodate the
family's gender preference while ensuring the patient's autonomy. Peplau's theory is interpersonal but not culturally focused,
Neuman addresses stressors and system defense, and King's theory emphasizes mutual goal-setting without specific cultural
frameworks.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 2
,NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q5: A nurse scholar is explaining the discipline of nursing to a group of new students. Which set of four
concepts forms the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Person, environment, health, nursing *[CORRECT]*
B. Patient, nurse, illness, recovery
C. Theory, practice, research, education
D. Caring, healing, health, wellness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm comprises four central concepts: person (the recipient of care), environment (the internal and
external context), health (the level of wellness or illness), and nursing (the actions, characteristics, and attributes of the discipline).
These four concepts provide the most abstract framework for nursing knowledge and are the foundation upon which all nursing
theories are built, a core concept emphasized in NUR 2058's unit on nursing theory.
Q6: A nurse applying Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model is assessing a patient's response to a recent
amputation. Which four adaptive modes does the nurse assess according to this model?
A. Physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence *[CORRECT]*
B. Physical, psychological, social, and spiritual
C. Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, and activity
D. Cognitive, affective, behavioral, and environmental
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model identifies four adaptive modes: physiological-physical (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination,
activity, etc.), self-concept (physical self and personal self), role function (primary, secondary, and tertiary roles), and
interdependence (relational interactions and resource exchange). The nurse assesses how the patient adapts in each mode after the
amputation. The other options describe unrelated frameworks or general domains of nursing assessment.
Q7: A nurse manager is working with a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to develop a
self-management plan. The nurse and patient jointly agree on goals of walking 30 minutes daily and checking
blood glucose twice a day. Which nursing theory MOST directly supports this approach?
A. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory
B. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory *[CORRECT]*
C. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
D. Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: King's Goal Attainment Theory centers on mutual goal-setting between nurse and patient through perception, judgment,
and action; the nurse and patient jointly explore, agree on, and pursue shared goals. The scenario of jointly agreeing on walking and
glucose-checking goals reflects King's framework. Orem's theory focuses on self-care deficits, Neuman on stressors and defense
lines, and Johnson on stabilizing behavioral subsystems.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 3
, NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q8: A nurse is using Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory to guide a therapeutic relationship with a
patient experiencing severe anxiety. The patient is now actively working with the nurse to identify anxiety
triggers and practice coping strategies. Which phase of the theory is occurring?
A. Orientation phase
B. Working phase *[CORRECT]*
C. Termination phase
D. Pre-orientation phase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the working phase is when the nurse and patient actively address problems,
explore triggers, and develop coping strategies together. The orientation phase establishes trust and clarifies expectations; termination
reviews progress and ends the relationship; pre-orientation involves the nurse's preparation before meeting the patient. The active
problem-solving described in the scenario is the hallmark of the working phase.
Q9: A nurse is selecting a theory to guide a quality improvement project focused on improving hand hygiene
compliance among staff on a medical-surgical unit. Which type of theory is MOST appropriate for this
specific practice situation?
A. Grand theory
B. Middle-range theory
C. Practice-level (micro) theory *[CORRECT]*
D. Conceptual framework
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Practice-level (micro) theories are the most concrete and specific, addressing defined practice situations with actionable
propositions; they are best suited to unit-level QI projects such as hand hygiene compliance. Grand theories are broad and abstract,
middle-range theories are more testable but still fairly general, and conceptual frameworks provide overall structures rather than
specific guidance. NUR 2058 emphasizes matching the level of theory to the scope of the practice question.
Q10: A nurse is using Pender's Health Promotion Model to guide education for a patient with newly
diagnosed hypertension. Which intervention BEST aligns with this model?
A. Administering prescribed antihypertensives on schedule
B. Helping the patient identify personal benefits of a low-sodium diet and exercise *[CORRECT]*
C. Monitoring blood pressure trends each shift
D. Coordinating cardiology follow-up appointments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pender's Health Promotion Model emphasizes perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, and interpersonal and
situational influences; helping the patient identify personal benefits of dietary change and exercise is a central intervention. The other
options are nursing tasks but do not specifically address health promotion behavior change. Administering medications and
monitoring blood pressure are illness-care activities, while coordinating appointments is case management rather than health
promotion.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 4
NUR 2058 / NUR2058
DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
EXAM 2 - Latest 2026/2027 Edition
Rasmussen University - College of Nursing
Total Questions: 100 | Sections: 8 | Cognitive Levels: 20% Recall / 50% Application / 30% Analysis
Format: 75% Scenario-Based, 25% Direct Knowledge | Question Style: Multiple Choice (A-D) with Rationale
Instructions to the Candidate: This comprehensive examination consists of 100 multiple-choice questions organized into
8 sections covering the core dimensions of professional nursing practice. Each question has four options (A, B, C, D) with
exactly one best answer. Read each question carefully and select the option that best addresses the clinical scenario,
theoretical concept, or professional issue presented. The correct answer and a 2-4 sentence rationale are provided
immediately beneath each question for self-assessment and review. This examination is aligned with the NCLEX-RN Test
Plan, QSEN Competencies (Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork & Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality
Improvement, Safety, and Informatics), and the ANA Standards of Professional Nursing Practice.
Section 1: Nursing Theory & Conceptual Frameworks
Q1: A nursing student is reviewing the historical foundations of the profession. Which nurse theorist is
recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is credited with introducing the Environmental Theory?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Florence Nightingale *[CORRECT]*
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Martha Rogers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is universally recognized as the founder of modern nursing; her Environmental Theory (1859)
posits that nurses manipulate the physical environment-ventilation, light, warmth, cleanliness, and noise-to support the patient's
natural reparative processes. Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals with activities they would perform unaided if they
had the strength; Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory; and Rogers contributed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. This
aligns with NUR 2058's emphasis on the historical and conceptual foundations of nursing practice.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 1
,NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q2: A nurse is caring for a 68-year-old patient recovering from a stroke who now has difficulty performing
bathing, dressing, and feeding independently. The patient states, "I hate having to ask for help with
everything." Which nursing theory BEST guides the nurse's plan of care?
A. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory *[CORRECT]*
B. Roy's Adaptation Model
C. Leininger's Culture Care Theory
D. Parse's Human Becoming Theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory directly applies when a patient cannot perform self-care activities due to illness or
injury; the nurse compensates by using a wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, or supportive-educative system. The scenario
describes a clear self-care deficit in ADLs. Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on adaptation to stimuli, Leininger's theory addresses
cultural care congruence, and Parse's theory emphasizes patient-led meaning; none directly address self-care deficits as precisely as
Orem's theory.
Q3: A nurse sits with a dying patient, holding their hand and being fully present, rather than focusing on
technical tasks. The nurse's action BEST reflects which theorist's approach to nursing?
A. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring *[CORRECT]*
B. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
C. Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model
D. Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring centers on transpersonal caring relationships and the use of carative factors,
including being authentically present and honoring the patient's dignity. Hand-holding and presence are hallmarks of Watson's
caritas processes. Neuman's model addresses stressors and system stability, Johnson's model addresses behavioral subsystems, and
Peplau's theory emphasizes the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship over phases of orientation, working, and termination.
Q4: A nurse is caring for a patient from a Somali refugee family. The patient's husband insists on speaking
for his wife and requests that only female healthcare providers provide care. The nurse wants to provide
culturally congruent care. Which nursing theory BEST guides this situation?
A. Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
B. Madeleine Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory *[CORRECT]*
C. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
D. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory explicitly addresses culturally congruent care through three
modes: preservation/maintenance, accommodation/negotiation, and repatterning/restructuring. The nurse should accommodate the
family's gender preference while ensuring the patient's autonomy. Peplau's theory is interpersonal but not culturally focused,
Neuman addresses stressors and system defense, and King's theory emphasizes mutual goal-setting without specific cultural
frameworks.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 2
,NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q5: A nurse scholar is explaining the discipline of nursing to a group of new students. Which set of four
concepts forms the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Person, environment, health, nursing *[CORRECT]*
B. Patient, nurse, illness, recovery
C. Theory, practice, research, education
D. Caring, healing, health, wellness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm comprises four central concepts: person (the recipient of care), environment (the internal and
external context), health (the level of wellness or illness), and nursing (the actions, characteristics, and attributes of the discipline).
These four concepts provide the most abstract framework for nursing knowledge and are the foundation upon which all nursing
theories are built, a core concept emphasized in NUR 2058's unit on nursing theory.
Q6: A nurse applying Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model is assessing a patient's response to a recent
amputation. Which four adaptive modes does the nurse assess according to this model?
A. Physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence *[CORRECT]*
B. Physical, psychological, social, and spiritual
C. Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, and activity
D. Cognitive, affective, behavioral, and environmental
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model identifies four adaptive modes: physiological-physical (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination,
activity, etc.), self-concept (physical self and personal self), role function (primary, secondary, and tertiary roles), and
interdependence (relational interactions and resource exchange). The nurse assesses how the patient adapts in each mode after the
amputation. The other options describe unrelated frameworks or general domains of nursing assessment.
Q7: A nurse manager is working with a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to develop a
self-management plan. The nurse and patient jointly agree on goals of walking 30 minutes daily and checking
blood glucose twice a day. Which nursing theory MOST directly supports this approach?
A. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory
B. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory *[CORRECT]*
C. Betty Neuman's Systems Model
D. Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: King's Goal Attainment Theory centers on mutual goal-setting between nurse and patient through perception, judgment,
and action; the nurse and patient jointly explore, agree on, and pursue shared goals. The scenario of jointly agreeing on walking and
glucose-checking goals reflects King's framework. Orem's theory focuses on self-care deficits, Neuman on stressors and defense
lines, and Johnson on stabilizing behavioral subsystems.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 3
, NUR 2058 - Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Exam 2 (2026/2027) Rasmussen University
Q8: A nurse is using Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory to guide a therapeutic relationship with a
patient experiencing severe anxiety. The patient is now actively working with the nurse to identify anxiety
triggers and practice coping strategies. Which phase of the theory is occurring?
A. Orientation phase
B. Working phase *[CORRECT]*
C. Termination phase
D. Pre-orientation phase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the working phase is when the nurse and patient actively address problems,
explore triggers, and develop coping strategies together. The orientation phase establishes trust and clarifies expectations; termination
reviews progress and ends the relationship; pre-orientation involves the nurse's preparation before meeting the patient. The active
problem-solving described in the scenario is the hallmark of the working phase.
Q9: A nurse is selecting a theory to guide a quality improvement project focused on improving hand hygiene
compliance among staff on a medical-surgical unit. Which type of theory is MOST appropriate for this
specific practice situation?
A. Grand theory
B. Middle-range theory
C. Practice-level (micro) theory *[CORRECT]*
D. Conceptual framework
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Practice-level (micro) theories are the most concrete and specific, addressing defined practice situations with actionable
propositions; they are best suited to unit-level QI projects such as hand hygiene compliance. Grand theories are broad and abstract,
middle-range theories are more testable but still fairly general, and conceptual frameworks provide overall structures rather than
specific guidance. NUR 2058 emphasizes matching the level of theory to the scope of the practice question.
Q10: A nurse is using Pender's Health Promotion Model to guide education for a patient with newly
diagnosed hypertension. Which intervention BEST aligns with this model?
A. Administering prescribed antihypertensives on schedule
B. Helping the patient identify personal benefits of a low-sodium diet and exercise *[CORRECT]*
C. Monitoring blood pressure trends each shift
D. Coordinating cardiology follow-up appointments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pender's Health Promotion Model emphasizes perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, and interpersonal and
situational influences; helping the patient identify personal benefits of dietary change and exercise is a central intervention. The other
options are nursing tasks but do not specifically address health promotion behavior change. Administering medications and
monitoring blood pressure are illness-care activities, while coordinating appointments is case management rather than health
promotion.
Aligned with NCLEX-RN Test Plan, QSEN Competencies, and ANA Standards of Practice Page 4
