,NR-283 Pathophysiology — INSTANT PDF
DOWNLOAD — Verified NR-283 Exam Prep |
Chamberlain College of Nursing | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition
1. A client who has been immobilized in bed for several weeks develops muscle wasting. This is
an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size and number due to decreased workload,
denervation, or decreased blood supply. Immobilization leads to muscle atrophy from
decreased use. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
Metaplasia is a change from one cell type to another.
2. A client with hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This is an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased workload. The heart
muscle cells enlarge to compensate for increased workload from hypertension. Cardiac muscle
cells cannot undergo hyperplasia (they cannot divide).
3. A client develops benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This is an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. BPH is caused
by hormonal stimulation leading to an increase in the number of prostate cells.
4. A client who smokes develops squamous metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. This is an
example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: D
, Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another
cell type. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous
epithelium (squamous metaplasia) in response to chronic irritation.
5. Which cellular adaptation is considered the most concerning for potential malignancy?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization.
It is considered a precancerous condition and is the most concerning cellular adaptation for
potential malignancy.
6. A client experiences a myocardial infarction. Which type of cell death occurs in the infarcted
tissue?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis is unregulated cell death that occurs in response to severe insults such as
ischemia, toxins, or trauma. It causes inflammation and release of cellular contents. Apoptosis is
programmed cell death that does not cause inflammation.
DOWNLOAD — Verified NR-283 Exam Prep |
Chamberlain College of Nursing | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition
1. A client who has been immobilized in bed for several weeks develops muscle wasting. This is
an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size and number due to decreased workload,
denervation, or decreased blood supply. Immobilization leads to muscle atrophy from
decreased use. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
Metaplasia is a change from one cell type to another.
2. A client with hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy. This is an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased workload. The heart
muscle cells enlarge to compensate for increased workload from hypertension. Cardiac muscle
cells cannot undergo hyperplasia (they cannot divide).
3. A client develops benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This is an example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. BPH is caused
by hormonal stimulation leading to an increase in the number of prostate cells.
4. A client who smokes develops squamous metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. This is an
example of:
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: D
, Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another
cell type. In smokers, the normal ciliated columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous
epithelium (squamous metaplasia) in response to chronic irritation.
5. Which cellular adaptation is considered the most concerning for potential malignancy?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization.
It is considered a precancerous condition and is the most concerning cellular adaptation for
potential malignancy.
6. A client experiences a myocardial infarction. Which type of cell death occurs in the infarcted
tissue?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis is unregulated cell death that occurs in response to severe insults such as
ischemia, toxins, or trauma. It causes inflammation and release of cellular contents. Apoptosis is
programmed cell death that does not cause inflammation.
