NURS 5433 Final Exam Actual Exam
2026 | All Questions Merged With
Correct Complete Solutions || Already
Graded A+ || 2026-2027 Latest Update!!!
What is blepharitis and its common causes? - ANSWER-Blepharitis is
chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins due to bacterial
colonization (commonly Staphylococcus) or seborrheic dysfunction,
often associated with risk factors like rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis,
contact lens use, and poor eyelid hygiene.
How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion? -
ANSWER-Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis? -
ANSWER-Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent
discharge and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has
watery discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic
conjunctivitis involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with
antihistamine eye drops.
,What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion? - ANSWER-
Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
What is the treatment for periorbital edema? - ANSWER-Treatment
for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include
antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum? -
ANSWER-Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
What are the causes and treatments for dry eye? - ANSWER-Dry eye
can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's), and
medication side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and
cyclosporine eye drops.
What is hyphemia and its treatment? - ANSWER-Hyphemia is a
medical emergency characterized by blood pooling in the anterior
chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or ophthalmology.
What is glaucoma and its types? - ANSWER-Glaucoma is characterized
by increased eye pressure. Types include open-angle (chronic,
painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful, emergency).
What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy? -
ANSWER-Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
What are the two types of macular degeneration? - ANSWER-The two
types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits) and wet
(with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
,What is strabismus and its types? - ANSWER-Strabismus is the
misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and extropia (outward)
leading to double vision or amblyopia.
What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes? - ANSWER-
Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
What is the treatment for cerumen impaction? - ANSWER-Treatment
includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear irrigation
or manual removal.
What are the first-line treatments for otitis media? - ANSWER-First-
line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is
Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other
antibiotics if there is a penicillin allergy.
What is otitis externa and its causative organisms? - ANSWER-Otitis
externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
What is the treatment for otitis externa? - ANSWER-Treatment
includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test? -
ANSWER-The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for
diagnosing tuberculosis (TB).
What is the risk categorization for TB testing? - ANSWER-Risk
categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high risk, with
specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and healthy
adults.
, What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis? -
ANSWER-Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or
refractory cases of blepharitis.
What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists? - ANSWER-Persistent
chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical removal.
What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma? - ANSWER-
Symptoms include severe pain, blurred vision, and rapid increase in
eye pressure.
What is the role of antihistamine eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis? -
ANSWER-Antihistamine eye drops are used to relieve symptoms of
allergic conjunctivitis, such as watery and itchy eyes.
What is sensorineural hearing loss? - ANSWER-Hearing loss caused by
damage or noise exposure, including conditions like presbycusis.
What are ototoxic medications? - ANSWER-Medications that can cause
hearing loss, including aminoglycosides, aspirin, erectile dysfunction
drugs, and loop diuretics.
What is allergic rhinitis and its pathophysiology? - ANSWER-An
immune response to allergens (like pollen or dust) that causes nasal
congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, often IgE-mediated.
What are the treatments for allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER-Avoidance of
allergens, antihistamines, intranasal steroids, and immunotherapy.
How does non-allergic rhinitis differ from allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER-
Non-allergic rhinitis is triggered by irritants, not an immune response,
and symptoms are more persistent.
2026 | All Questions Merged With
Correct Complete Solutions || Already
Graded A+ || 2026-2027 Latest Update!!!
What is blepharitis and its common causes? - ANSWER-Blepharitis is
chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins due to bacterial
colonization (commonly Staphylococcus) or seborrheic dysfunction,
often associated with risk factors like rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis,
contact lens use, and poor eyelid hygiene.
How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion? -
ANSWER-Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis? -
ANSWER-Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent
discharge and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has
watery discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic
conjunctivitis involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with
antihistamine eye drops.
,What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion? - ANSWER-
Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
What is the treatment for periorbital edema? - ANSWER-Treatment
for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include
antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum? -
ANSWER-Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
What are the causes and treatments for dry eye? - ANSWER-Dry eye
can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's), and
medication side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and
cyclosporine eye drops.
What is hyphemia and its treatment? - ANSWER-Hyphemia is a
medical emergency characterized by blood pooling in the anterior
chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or ophthalmology.
What is glaucoma and its types? - ANSWER-Glaucoma is characterized
by increased eye pressure. Types include open-angle (chronic,
painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful, emergency).
What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy? -
ANSWER-Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
What are the two types of macular degeneration? - ANSWER-The two
types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits) and wet
(with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
,What is strabismus and its types? - ANSWER-Strabismus is the
misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and extropia (outward)
leading to double vision or amblyopia.
What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes? - ANSWER-
Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
What is the treatment for cerumen impaction? - ANSWER-Treatment
includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear irrigation
or manual removal.
What are the first-line treatments for otitis media? - ANSWER-First-
line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is
Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other
antibiotics if there is a penicillin allergy.
What is otitis externa and its causative organisms? - ANSWER-Otitis
externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
What is the treatment for otitis externa? - ANSWER-Treatment
includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test? -
ANSWER-The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for
diagnosing tuberculosis (TB).
What is the risk categorization for TB testing? - ANSWER-Risk
categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high risk, with
specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and healthy
adults.
, What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis? -
ANSWER-Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or
refractory cases of blepharitis.
What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists? - ANSWER-Persistent
chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical removal.
What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma? - ANSWER-
Symptoms include severe pain, blurred vision, and rapid increase in
eye pressure.
What is the role of antihistamine eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis? -
ANSWER-Antihistamine eye drops are used to relieve symptoms of
allergic conjunctivitis, such as watery and itchy eyes.
What is sensorineural hearing loss? - ANSWER-Hearing loss caused by
damage or noise exposure, including conditions like presbycusis.
What are ototoxic medications? - ANSWER-Medications that can cause
hearing loss, including aminoglycosides, aspirin, erectile dysfunction
drugs, and loop diuretics.
What is allergic rhinitis and its pathophysiology? - ANSWER-An
immune response to allergens (like pollen or dust) that causes nasal
congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, often IgE-mediated.
What are the treatments for allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER-Avoidance of
allergens, antihistamines, intranasal steroids, and immunotherapy.
How does non-allergic rhinitis differ from allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER-
Non-allergic rhinitis is triggered by irritants, not an immune response,
and symptoms are more persistent.
