MR. BOB MUSCULAR SYSTEM (LECTURE NOTES), MR BOB
MUSCLES EXAM, MR. BOB LECTURE EXAM 5 MUSCLES,
MR. BOB'S A&P LECTURE EXAM 3 MUSCLES | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,The skeletal muscle system controls the voluntary movement of the head, face, trunk, limbs, etc.
(True or False) Answer: True
Provides ______ of body's heat through glucose catabolism Answer: 85%
Provides approximately _____ of mass of body Answer: 40%
Participates in involuntary spinal cord ______ Answer: Reflexes
Skeletal muscle tissue is also known as? Answer: Voluntary muscle tissue & Striated muscle
tissue
What is muscle attached to bone? Answer: Tendon
Muscle cells are usually called ______ Answer: Muscle fibers
What are striated muscle cells (muscle fibers) extraordinary length? Answer: Up to 30 cm or 12
inches
What are the two functions of skeletal muscle tissue? Answer: Contract (shorten) & Relax
(lengthen)
What is it when muscle cells respond to stimuli in a unique way by producing an electric current
that travels along the plasma membrane and triggers contraction of the cell? Answer:
Responsiveness (excitability)
What is it when stimulation of a muscle cell produces more than a local effect & local electrical
change triggers a wave of excitation that travels rapidly along the cell and initiates processes
leading to contraction? Answer: Conductivity
What is it when it is unique in their ability to shorten substantially when stimulated & this
enables them to exert tension on other tissue to which they are mechanically coupled to create
movement? Answer: Contractility
What is it when the muscle is able to stretch back after contraction & with most cells rupture if
stretched even a little, but skeletal muscle fibers can safely stretch to as much as 3 times their
contracted length? Answer: Extensibility
With extensibility, most cells rupture if stretched even a little, but skeletal muscle fibers can
safely stretch to as much as ______ their contracted length Answer: 3 times
What is it when the muscle cell is stretched and released and it recoils to a shorter length?
Answer: Elasticity
Muscle and nerve cells are regarded as ______ because their plasma membranes exhibit voltage
changes in response to stimulation Answer: Electrically excitable cells
The electrical activity of cells hinges on differences in the concentration of ions in the ______
adjacent to the plasma membrane Answer: Intracellular fluid (ICF) & Extracellular fluid (ECF)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, The ICF contains a greater concentration of negative anions than the ECF does—especially
negatively charged proteins, nucleic acids, and phosphates (True or False) Answer: True
The membrane is ______ like a little battery Answer: Polarized
The ICF is a great excess of? Answer: Potassium ions (K+)
The ECF contains a great excess of? Answer: Sodium (Na+)
A difference in electrical charge from one point to another is called an? Answer: Electrical
potential or voltage
What is the voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell? Answer: About -90 millivolts (mV)
The voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell is called the? Answer: Resting Membrane
Potential (RMP)
The voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell, the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP), is
maintained by the? Answer: Sodium-potassium pump
______ is for directing protein synthesis, such as enzymes because they form by the fusion of
embryonic cells called myoblasts Answer: Multinucleated
Specialized plasma membrane Answer: Sarcolemma
Specialized cytoplasm with specialized organelles, including many mitochondria for high
energy demands Answer: Sarcoplasm
Specialized smooth ER parallel to myofibrils Answer: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
Perpendicular, terminal enlarged portion of SR, a reservoir for calcium ions, and has gated
channels in its membrane that can release a flood of calcium into the sarcoplasm Answer:
Terminal cisternae
Terminal cisternae has a reservoir for ______ Answer: Calcium ions
Terminal cisternae has gated channels in its membrane that can release a flood of calcium into
the ______ Answer: Sarcoplasm
A hollow elongated tube, travels from extra cellular fluid and sarcolemma to myofibrils, and
carries an electrical current from the surrounding surface to the interior of the cell, where it
stimulates the terminal cisternae to release calcium Answer: Transverse (T-) tubules
What is a T-tubule and the terminal cisternae (two) on each side? Answer: Triad
What has many threadlike rods extending full length of muscle fiber, fills most of the muscle
cell, and is composed of protein myofilaments? Answer: Myofibrils
Thick filaments are made of what protein? Answer: Myosin
Thin filaments are made of what two intertwined strands of protein? Answer: Fibrous actin
Fibrous actin is referred to as? Answer: F-actin
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
MUSCLES EXAM, MR. BOB LECTURE EXAM 5 MUSCLES,
MR. BOB'S A&P LECTURE EXAM 3 MUSCLES | FROM
QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,The skeletal muscle system controls the voluntary movement of the head, face, trunk, limbs, etc.
(True or False) Answer: True
Provides ______ of body's heat through glucose catabolism Answer: 85%
Provides approximately _____ of mass of body Answer: 40%
Participates in involuntary spinal cord ______ Answer: Reflexes
Skeletal muscle tissue is also known as? Answer: Voluntary muscle tissue & Striated muscle
tissue
What is muscle attached to bone? Answer: Tendon
Muscle cells are usually called ______ Answer: Muscle fibers
What are striated muscle cells (muscle fibers) extraordinary length? Answer: Up to 30 cm or 12
inches
What are the two functions of skeletal muscle tissue? Answer: Contract (shorten) & Relax
(lengthen)
What is it when muscle cells respond to stimuli in a unique way by producing an electric current
that travels along the plasma membrane and triggers contraction of the cell? Answer:
Responsiveness (excitability)
What is it when stimulation of a muscle cell produces more than a local effect & local electrical
change triggers a wave of excitation that travels rapidly along the cell and initiates processes
leading to contraction? Answer: Conductivity
What is it when it is unique in their ability to shorten substantially when stimulated & this
enables them to exert tension on other tissue to which they are mechanically coupled to create
movement? Answer: Contractility
What is it when the muscle is able to stretch back after contraction & with most cells rupture if
stretched even a little, but skeletal muscle fibers can safely stretch to as much as 3 times their
contracted length? Answer: Extensibility
With extensibility, most cells rupture if stretched even a little, but skeletal muscle fibers can
safely stretch to as much as ______ their contracted length Answer: 3 times
What is it when the muscle cell is stretched and released and it recoils to a shorter length?
Answer: Elasticity
Muscle and nerve cells are regarded as ______ because their plasma membranes exhibit voltage
changes in response to stimulation Answer: Electrically excitable cells
The electrical activity of cells hinges on differences in the concentration of ions in the ______
adjacent to the plasma membrane Answer: Intracellular fluid (ICF) & Extracellular fluid (ECF)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, The ICF contains a greater concentration of negative anions than the ECF does—especially
negatively charged proteins, nucleic acids, and phosphates (True or False) Answer: True
The membrane is ______ like a little battery Answer: Polarized
The ICF is a great excess of? Answer: Potassium ions (K+)
The ECF contains a great excess of? Answer: Sodium (Na+)
A difference in electrical charge from one point to another is called an? Answer: Electrical
potential or voltage
What is the voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell? Answer: About -90 millivolts (mV)
The voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell is called the? Answer: Resting Membrane
Potential (RMP)
The voltage on the sarcolemma of a muscle cell, the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP), is
maintained by the? Answer: Sodium-potassium pump
______ is for directing protein synthesis, such as enzymes because they form by the fusion of
embryonic cells called myoblasts Answer: Multinucleated
Specialized plasma membrane Answer: Sarcolemma
Specialized cytoplasm with specialized organelles, including many mitochondria for high
energy demands Answer: Sarcoplasm
Specialized smooth ER parallel to myofibrils Answer: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
Perpendicular, terminal enlarged portion of SR, a reservoir for calcium ions, and has gated
channels in its membrane that can release a flood of calcium into the sarcoplasm Answer:
Terminal cisternae
Terminal cisternae has a reservoir for ______ Answer: Calcium ions
Terminal cisternae has gated channels in its membrane that can release a flood of calcium into
the ______ Answer: Sarcoplasm
A hollow elongated tube, travels from extra cellular fluid and sarcolemma to myofibrils, and
carries an electrical current from the surrounding surface to the interior of the cell, where it
stimulates the terminal cisternae to release calcium Answer: Transverse (T-) tubules
What is a T-tubule and the terminal cisternae (two) on each side? Answer: Triad
What has many threadlike rods extending full length of muscle fiber, fills most of the muscle
cell, and is composed of protein myofilaments? Answer: Myofibrils
Thick filaments are made of what protein? Answer: Myosin
Thin filaments are made of what two intertwined strands of protein? Answer: Fibrous actin
Fibrous actin is referred to as? Answer: F-actin
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
