FINAL CAPA CERTIFICATION EXAM
REVIEW 2026/2027
Glycopyrrolate - ANSWER-- Induction and intubation medication
- Can cause photosensitivity
Craniotomy Treatment (triple H's) - ANSWER-- hemodilution
- hypertension
- hypervolemia
(this forces constricted blood vessels to dilate and perfuse tissue)
Transverse Colostomy - ANSWER-soft stool
typical stool odor
stool damages the skin
empties several times per day
may or may not be at risk for fluid/electrolytes imbalances
may irrigate
sigmoid colostomy - ANSWER-- formed stool
ileosotomy - ANSWER-- high up
- liquid pasty stool
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - ANSWER-Small pouch created from stomach
Part of small intestine (DUODENUM) bypassed
Restriction and malabsorption
Post-op Stroke symptoms - ANSWER-- double vision
- headache
- sudden dizziness
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - ANSWER-- controls post-op NV
- can have extrapyrmidal side effects like tardive dyskinesia
Gastrectomy Interventions - ANSWER-- encourage deep breaths
- and position shifts
clonic seizure - ANSWER-repetitive jerking movements
petit mal seizure - ANSWER-Also called absence attack. A seizure that is characterized
by a spike-and-wave EEG and often involves a loss of awareness and inability to recall
events surrounding the seizure.
Tonic seizure - ANSWER-sustained muscle contraction
, Emergence excitement safety interventions - ANSWER-ok to use wrist restraints
Shivering first interventions♀️ - ANSWER-- anticipate order for demerol
(over warm blankets)
Septic Shock/ Early Respiratory Distress - ANSWER-- Hyperventilation
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Elevated Lactate Levels
Interscalene nerve block - ANSWER-anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes
through the scalene triangle. It is used to provide anethesia for the shoulder and upper
arm. Nearly all patients will devleop transeint ipsilateral diaphragmatic parylasis due to
involvment of the phrenic nerve roots as tehy pass through the interscalene sheath.
Complication of rapid warming - ANSWER-Hypotension (rapid vasodilation can cause a
drop in blood pressure)
Hetastarch (Hespan) - ANSWER-- Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload? - ANSWER-- obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with Cirrhosis - ANSWER-
Spironolactone
Steal syndrome - ANSWER-- Too much blood going to the fistula, leaving the hand
ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease outflow (if high flow)
Infant should void - ANSWER-5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia) - ANSWER-- Massive, uncompensated
cardiovascular response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
TURPs - ANSWER-- risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitches,
tachycardia, and hypotension
REVIEW 2026/2027
Glycopyrrolate - ANSWER-- Induction and intubation medication
- Can cause photosensitivity
Craniotomy Treatment (triple H's) - ANSWER-- hemodilution
- hypertension
- hypervolemia
(this forces constricted blood vessels to dilate and perfuse tissue)
Transverse Colostomy - ANSWER-soft stool
typical stool odor
stool damages the skin
empties several times per day
may or may not be at risk for fluid/electrolytes imbalances
may irrigate
sigmoid colostomy - ANSWER-- formed stool
ileosotomy - ANSWER-- high up
- liquid pasty stool
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - ANSWER-Small pouch created from stomach
Part of small intestine (DUODENUM) bypassed
Restriction and malabsorption
Post-op Stroke symptoms - ANSWER-- double vision
- headache
- sudden dizziness
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - ANSWER-- controls post-op NV
- can have extrapyrmidal side effects like tardive dyskinesia
Gastrectomy Interventions - ANSWER-- encourage deep breaths
- and position shifts
clonic seizure - ANSWER-repetitive jerking movements
petit mal seizure - ANSWER-Also called absence attack. A seizure that is characterized
by a spike-and-wave EEG and often involves a loss of awareness and inability to recall
events surrounding the seizure.
Tonic seizure - ANSWER-sustained muscle contraction
, Emergence excitement safety interventions - ANSWER-ok to use wrist restraints
Shivering first interventions♀️ - ANSWER-- anticipate order for demerol
(over warm blankets)
Septic Shock/ Early Respiratory Distress - ANSWER-- Hyperventilation
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Elevated Lactate Levels
Interscalene nerve block - ANSWER-anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes
through the scalene triangle. It is used to provide anethesia for the shoulder and upper
arm. Nearly all patients will devleop transeint ipsilateral diaphragmatic parylasis due to
involvment of the phrenic nerve roots as tehy pass through the interscalene sheath.
Complication of rapid warming - ANSWER-Hypotension (rapid vasodilation can cause a
drop in blood pressure)
Hetastarch (Hespan) - ANSWER-- Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload? - ANSWER-- obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with Cirrhosis - ANSWER-
Spironolactone
Steal syndrome - ANSWER-- Too much blood going to the fistula, leaving the hand
ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease outflow (if high flow)
Infant should void - ANSWER-5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia) - ANSWER-- Massive, uncompensated
cardiovascular response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
TURPs - ANSWER-- risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitches,
tachycardia, and hypotension
