WGU D669 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Print Awareness - Answers - The understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a
book or written material.
Letter Awareness - Answers - The understanding that letters are representations of
sounds.
Book Awareness - Answers - The understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back
covers.
Word Awareness - Answers - The recognition and understanding of individual words as
distinct units of language, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings.
Concepts About Print - Answers - The understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured.
Phonological Awareness - Answers - The ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual
speech sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words.
Phonemic Awareness - Answers - A subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds)
in spoken words.
Syllables - Answers - Units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and
may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds.
Onset - Answers - The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the vowel sound.
Rime - Answers - The part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it.
Consonant - Answers - A speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract.
Vowel - Answers - A speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure
of the vocal tract.
Stops - Answers - Consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air, including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/.
, Nasals - Answers - Consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing
air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/.
Fricatives - Answers - Consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract, creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/,
/zh/, and /th/.
Affricatives - Answers - Consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with
friction, such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/.
Glides - Answers - Consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, which
includes /h/, /w/, and /y/.
Liquids - Answers - Consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal
tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air, like /l/ and /r/.
Voiced - Answers - Sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
Unvoiced - Answers - Sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
Decoding - Answers - The process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into
spoken language (phonemes) and recognize words.
Orthographic Mapping - Answers - The process by which individuals learn to recognize
and store the visual representations of words in their long-term memory, which requires
phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word
learning.
Letter-Sound Correspondence - Answers - The relationship between written letters and
their associated spoken sounds, essential for decoding words in reading.
Consonant Blends - Answers - A combination of two letters that represent a single
sound or phoneme, like "ch" or "oa".
Vowel Team - Answers - A pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a single
sound or phoneme.
Diphthongs - Answers - Complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two vowel
sounds within the same syllable.
Silent Letter Patterns - Answers - Sequences in words where certain letters are written
but not pronounced, such as the "k" in "knight" or the "b" in "lamb".
Print Awareness - Answers - The understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a
book or written material.
Letter Awareness - Answers - The understanding that letters are representations of
sounds.
Book Awareness - Answers - The understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back
covers.
Word Awareness - Answers - The recognition and understanding of individual words as
distinct units of language, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings.
Concepts About Print - Answers - The understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured.
Phonological Awareness - Answers - The ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual
speech sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words.
Phonemic Awareness - Answers - A subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds)
in spoken words.
Syllables - Answers - Units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and
may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds.
Onset - Answers - The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the vowel sound.
Rime - Answers - The part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it.
Consonant - Answers - A speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract.
Vowel - Answers - A speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure
of the vocal tract.
Stops - Answers - Consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air, including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/.
, Nasals - Answers - Consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing
air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/.
Fricatives - Answers - Consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract, creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/,
/zh/, and /th/.
Affricatives - Answers - Consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with
friction, such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/.
Glides - Answers - Consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, which
includes /h/, /w/, and /y/.
Liquids - Answers - Consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal
tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air, like /l/ and /r/.
Voiced - Answers - Sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
Unvoiced - Answers - Sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
Decoding - Answers - The process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into
spoken language (phonemes) and recognize words.
Orthographic Mapping - Answers - The process by which individuals learn to recognize
and store the visual representations of words in their long-term memory, which requires
phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word
learning.
Letter-Sound Correspondence - Answers - The relationship between written letters and
their associated spoken sounds, essential for decoding words in reading.
Consonant Blends - Answers - A combination of two letters that represent a single
sound or phoneme, like "ch" or "oa".
Vowel Team - Answers - A pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a single
sound or phoneme.
Diphthongs - Answers - Complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two vowel
sounds within the same syllable.
Silent Letter Patterns - Answers - Sequences in words where certain letters are written
but not pronounced, such as the "k" in "knight" or the "b" in "lamb".
