ARDMS ECHO STUDY GUIDE ALL ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔2D echo findings PHTN - ✔✔RVH, Flattened IVS best visualized in the SAX view
(paradoxical wall motion may result), small "D" shaped LV in diastole & systole
✔✔normal RA mean pressure - ✔✔2-8mmhg
✔✔normal RA O2 saturation - ✔✔75%
✔✔pulmonary veins - ✔✔a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left
atrium of the heart.
✔✔frank starling law of the heart - ✔✔the more blood that enters the ventricle during
diastole (preload) the greater the force of the contraction (systole) required to eject the
blood
✔✔P1/2t - ✔✔is the time required for the peak gradient accross the MV to reduce to
one -half
✔✔normal MVA - ✔✔4-6cm2
✔✔mild MS - ✔✔>1.5cm2
✔✔moderate MS - ✔✔1.0-1.5cm2
✔✔severe MS - ✔✔<1.0
✔✔normal pressure half time MV - ✔✔30-60 sec
✔✔mild MS pressure half time - ✔✔90-150msec
✔✔moderate MS pressure half time - ✔✔150-219 msec
,✔✔severe MS pressure half time - ✔✔>220msec
✔✔how do you calculate MVA - ✔✔220/pressure half time
✔✔if a patient us in AFIB how do you do Doppler measurements? - ✔✔measure 5+
beats and calculate average
✔✔the flatter the waveform the more (blank) the stenosis - ✔✔severe
✔✔Mitral regurgitation murmur - ✔✔is a holosystolic murmur that radiates to the
acilla(armpit).
✔✔when do you measure LVOT diameter - ✔✔early systole
✔✔Carcinoid heart disease - ✔✔is the result of a metastasing carcinoid tumor that
secretes serotonin
✔✔Carcinoid heart disease is the result of a metastasizing carcinoid tumor that secretes
- ✔✔serotonin
✔✔in cacinoid heart disease why doe the serotonin only travel to the right heart and not
the left - ✔✔bc the serotonin is deactivated by the lungs
✔✔echo findings of carcinoid heart disease - ✔✔TV leaflets appear fixed and rigid;they
do not open or close, TR(severe), PI, TS,PS, right heart failure
✔✔m-mode characteristic of bicuspid aortic valve - ✔✔eccentric closure of the bicuspid
aortic valve (when the valve is closed the lind will not be in the middle but at the top or
bottom)
✔✔Bicuspid aortic valve assoc - ✔✔Coarctation of the aorta
✔✔Bicuspid aortic valve associated findings - ✔✔thickened AV leaflets, elliptical
shaped opening, systolic & diastolic doming of AV valve, eccentric diastolic closure line
m-mode, poststenotic dilation of the aorta, concentric LVH, LV dilation, LA dilation
✔✔Does pressure half time measure TR or TS - ✔✔Tricuspid Stenosis
✔✔CMO (cardiomyopathy) that primarily affects the ventricles resulting in biatrial
enlargement - ✔✔Restrictive/ infiltrative CMO
, ✔✔restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔decreased ventricular filling due to myocardial
rigidity (stiffness) associated with elevated ventricular diastolic pressure, increased atrial
pressure, global systolic function may be preserved
✔✔most common of tge restrictive/infiltrative CMOs - ✔✔Amyloidosis
✔✔Amyloidosis - ✔✔multisystem disease involving extracellular deposition of amyloid
protein in multiple systems causing damage and malfunction (type of restrictive CMO)
✔✔type of cmo that is common to have a pericardial effusion - ✔✔amyloidosis
✔✔2D appearance of amyloidosis - ✔✔ground glass appearance (uniform sparkling)
✔✔Sarcoidosis - ✔✔
✔✔what does Qp stand for in Qp=Qs when measuring a VSD or ASD? - ✔✔Qp stands
for RVOT
Qp/Qs=SVRVOT/SVLVOT (opposite when measuring PDA)
✔✔Cardia lc Tamponade doppler of the Tricuspid Valve (increase or decrease) with
inspiration and (increase or decrease) with expiration. - ✔✔increase with inspiration,
decrease with expiration
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade of the Mitral Valve (increase or decrease) with inspiration and
(increase or decrease) with expiration - ✔✔decrease with inspiration, increase with
expiration
✔✔Causes pulmonary artery and PV annulus dilation resulting in the incomplete closure
of the PC cusps - ✔✔Pulmonary hypertension
✔✔pulmonary hypertension causes dilation of (blank) & (blank), which results in (blank)
- ✔✔pulmonary artery and PV annulus, incomplete closure of the PV cusps
✔✔PI murmur - ✔✔creates a low-pitched diastolic murmur that may increase with
inspiration
✔✔what aortic valve abnomality will you see jugular venous distention - ✔✔PS
✔✔what happens to the main pulmonary artery due to the high velocity PS jet striking
the Pulmonary artery wall? - ✔✔post stenotic dilation of the main pulmonary artery
✔✔primary method of evaluating PS - ✔✔peak gradient
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔2D echo findings PHTN - ✔✔RVH, Flattened IVS best visualized in the SAX view
(paradoxical wall motion may result), small "D" shaped LV in diastole & systole
✔✔normal RA mean pressure - ✔✔2-8mmhg
✔✔normal RA O2 saturation - ✔✔75%
✔✔pulmonary veins - ✔✔a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left
atrium of the heart.
✔✔frank starling law of the heart - ✔✔the more blood that enters the ventricle during
diastole (preload) the greater the force of the contraction (systole) required to eject the
blood
✔✔P1/2t - ✔✔is the time required for the peak gradient accross the MV to reduce to
one -half
✔✔normal MVA - ✔✔4-6cm2
✔✔mild MS - ✔✔>1.5cm2
✔✔moderate MS - ✔✔1.0-1.5cm2
✔✔severe MS - ✔✔<1.0
✔✔normal pressure half time MV - ✔✔30-60 sec
✔✔mild MS pressure half time - ✔✔90-150msec
✔✔moderate MS pressure half time - ✔✔150-219 msec
,✔✔severe MS pressure half time - ✔✔>220msec
✔✔how do you calculate MVA - ✔✔220/pressure half time
✔✔if a patient us in AFIB how do you do Doppler measurements? - ✔✔measure 5+
beats and calculate average
✔✔the flatter the waveform the more (blank) the stenosis - ✔✔severe
✔✔Mitral regurgitation murmur - ✔✔is a holosystolic murmur that radiates to the
acilla(armpit).
✔✔when do you measure LVOT diameter - ✔✔early systole
✔✔Carcinoid heart disease - ✔✔is the result of a metastasing carcinoid tumor that
secretes serotonin
✔✔Carcinoid heart disease is the result of a metastasizing carcinoid tumor that secretes
- ✔✔serotonin
✔✔in cacinoid heart disease why doe the serotonin only travel to the right heart and not
the left - ✔✔bc the serotonin is deactivated by the lungs
✔✔echo findings of carcinoid heart disease - ✔✔TV leaflets appear fixed and rigid;they
do not open or close, TR(severe), PI, TS,PS, right heart failure
✔✔m-mode characteristic of bicuspid aortic valve - ✔✔eccentric closure of the bicuspid
aortic valve (when the valve is closed the lind will not be in the middle but at the top or
bottom)
✔✔Bicuspid aortic valve assoc - ✔✔Coarctation of the aorta
✔✔Bicuspid aortic valve associated findings - ✔✔thickened AV leaflets, elliptical
shaped opening, systolic & diastolic doming of AV valve, eccentric diastolic closure line
m-mode, poststenotic dilation of the aorta, concentric LVH, LV dilation, LA dilation
✔✔Does pressure half time measure TR or TS - ✔✔Tricuspid Stenosis
✔✔CMO (cardiomyopathy) that primarily affects the ventricles resulting in biatrial
enlargement - ✔✔Restrictive/ infiltrative CMO
, ✔✔restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔decreased ventricular filling due to myocardial
rigidity (stiffness) associated with elevated ventricular diastolic pressure, increased atrial
pressure, global systolic function may be preserved
✔✔most common of tge restrictive/infiltrative CMOs - ✔✔Amyloidosis
✔✔Amyloidosis - ✔✔multisystem disease involving extracellular deposition of amyloid
protein in multiple systems causing damage and malfunction (type of restrictive CMO)
✔✔type of cmo that is common to have a pericardial effusion - ✔✔amyloidosis
✔✔2D appearance of amyloidosis - ✔✔ground glass appearance (uniform sparkling)
✔✔Sarcoidosis - ✔✔
✔✔what does Qp stand for in Qp=Qs when measuring a VSD or ASD? - ✔✔Qp stands
for RVOT
Qp/Qs=SVRVOT/SVLVOT (opposite when measuring PDA)
✔✔Cardia lc Tamponade doppler of the Tricuspid Valve (increase or decrease) with
inspiration and (increase or decrease) with expiration. - ✔✔increase with inspiration,
decrease with expiration
✔✔Cardiac Tamponade of the Mitral Valve (increase or decrease) with inspiration and
(increase or decrease) with expiration - ✔✔decrease with inspiration, increase with
expiration
✔✔Causes pulmonary artery and PV annulus dilation resulting in the incomplete closure
of the PC cusps - ✔✔Pulmonary hypertension
✔✔pulmonary hypertension causes dilation of (blank) & (blank), which results in (blank)
- ✔✔pulmonary artery and PV annulus, incomplete closure of the PV cusps
✔✔PI murmur - ✔✔creates a low-pitched diastolic murmur that may increase with
inspiration
✔✔what aortic valve abnomality will you see jugular venous distention - ✔✔PS
✔✔what happens to the main pulmonary artery due to the high velocity PS jet striking
the Pulmonary artery wall? - ✔✔post stenotic dilation of the main pulmonary artery
✔✔primary method of evaluating PS - ✔✔peak gradient
