,NSG 121 Exam 3 Health Assessment Questions And Answers
2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which structure normally functions as the heart's primary
pacemaker?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B) Sinoatrial node
Rationale: The sinoatrial node initiates the electrical impulse that normally
establishes the heart's rhythm. The impulse then travels through the
remaining conduction system.
Q2. Which sequence correctly describes normal cardiac electrical
conduction?
A) AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibers → bundle of His
B) Purkinje fibers → SA node → AV node → bundle branches
C) SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
D) SA node → Purkinje fibers → AV node → bundle of His
Correct Answer: C) SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
Rationale: The impulse normally begins at the SA node, reaches the AV
node, travels through the bundle of His and bundle branches, and ultimately
reaches the Purkinje fibers to stimulate ventricular contraction.
Q3. Where should the aortic valve area normally be auscultated?
A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
B) Second left intercostal space at the sternal border
C) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
D) Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border
Correct Answer: A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
Rationale: The aortic auscultation area is located at the second right
intercostal space near the sternal border. Valve auscultation sites are based
on where sounds are best transmitted to the chest wall.
Q4. Which location corresponds to the mitral area?
, A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
B) Second left intercostal space at the sternal border
C) Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border
D) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Correct Answer: D) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Rationale: The mitral area is auscultated at the cardiac apex, typically
located in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Q5. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation
to the vascular system?
A) Pump oxygenated blood to tissues
B) Return excess interstitial fluid to the vascular circulation
C) Generate the heart's electrical impulse
D) Maintain arterial blood pressure directly
Correct Answer: B) Return excess interstitial fluid to the vascular circulation
Rationale: The lymphatic system collects excess fluid from tissues and
returns it to the circulation, helping maintain fluid balance and supporting
immune function.
Q6. Which mechanisms help promote venous blood return toward
the heart?
A) Respiratory movements, skeletal muscle contraction, and venous valves
B) Arterial dilation, cardiac murmurs, and lymph-node contraction
C) Capillary filtration, arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure
D) Cardiac friction, bone movement, and arterial valves
Correct Answer: A) Respiratory movements, skeletal muscle contraction, and
venous valves
Rationale: Venous return is assisted by pressure changes associated with
respiration, contraction of surrounding skeletal muscles, and one-way venous
valves that limit backward flow.
Q7. Which cardiovascular change is commonly associated with
aging?
A) Increased arterial elasticity
B) Increased maximum heart-rate response to exercise
C) Decreased arterial elasticity
D) Complete loss of cardiac reserve
2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which structure normally functions as the heart's primary
pacemaker?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B) Sinoatrial node
Rationale: The sinoatrial node initiates the electrical impulse that normally
establishes the heart's rhythm. The impulse then travels through the
remaining conduction system.
Q2. Which sequence correctly describes normal cardiac electrical
conduction?
A) AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibers → bundle of His
B) Purkinje fibers → SA node → AV node → bundle branches
C) SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
D) SA node → Purkinje fibers → AV node → bundle of His
Correct Answer: C) SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
Rationale: The impulse normally begins at the SA node, reaches the AV
node, travels through the bundle of His and bundle branches, and ultimately
reaches the Purkinje fibers to stimulate ventricular contraction.
Q3. Where should the aortic valve area normally be auscultated?
A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
B) Second left intercostal space at the sternal border
C) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
D) Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border
Correct Answer: A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
Rationale: The aortic auscultation area is located at the second right
intercostal space near the sternal border. Valve auscultation sites are based
on where sounds are best transmitted to the chest wall.
Q4. Which location corresponds to the mitral area?
, A) Second right intercostal space at the sternal border
B) Second left intercostal space at the sternal border
C) Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border
D) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Correct Answer: D) Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Rationale: The mitral area is auscultated at the cardiac apex, typically
located in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Q5. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation
to the vascular system?
A) Pump oxygenated blood to tissues
B) Return excess interstitial fluid to the vascular circulation
C) Generate the heart's electrical impulse
D) Maintain arterial blood pressure directly
Correct Answer: B) Return excess interstitial fluid to the vascular circulation
Rationale: The lymphatic system collects excess fluid from tissues and
returns it to the circulation, helping maintain fluid balance and supporting
immune function.
Q6. Which mechanisms help promote venous blood return toward
the heart?
A) Respiratory movements, skeletal muscle contraction, and venous valves
B) Arterial dilation, cardiac murmurs, and lymph-node contraction
C) Capillary filtration, arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure
D) Cardiac friction, bone movement, and arterial valves
Correct Answer: A) Respiratory movements, skeletal muscle contraction, and
venous valves
Rationale: Venous return is assisted by pressure changes associated with
respiration, contraction of surrounding skeletal muscles, and one-way venous
valves that limit backward flow.
Q7. Which cardiovascular change is commonly associated with
aging?
A) Increased arterial elasticity
B) Increased maximum heart-rate response to exercise
C) Decreased arterial elasticity
D) Complete loss of cardiac reserve
