1
COMSAE PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 |
COMPREHENSIVE MEDICAL SELF-ASSESSMENT
| 75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY – Questions 1–8
Q1: Anatomy – Upper Limb
The student is reviewing upper limb anatomy. Which nerve is injured in a surgical neck fracture of
the humerus?
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus and is injured in
fractures at this location, causing deltoid paralysis and loss of sensation over the lateral shoulder.
The radial nerve is injured in midshaft fractures. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Embryology – Neural Tube
The student is reviewing embryology. Failure of the anterior neuropore to close results in which
condition?
A. Spina bifida
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Meningocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failure of the anterior neuropore to close results in anencephaly. Failure of the posterior
neuropore to close results in spina bifida. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Anatomy – Cranial Nerves
The student is reviewing cranial nerves. Which cranial nerve is responsible for parasympathetic
innervation of the heart?
A. CN III
B. CN VII
C. CN IX
D. CN X
,2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, slowing heart
rate. CN III, VII, and IX also have parasympathetic functions but not for the heart. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Embryology – Aortic Arches
The student is reviewing aortic arches. The pulmonary arteries are derived from which aortic arch?
A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 5th
D. 6th
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 6th aortic arch gives rise to the pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus. The 4th
arch forms the aortic arch and right subclavian artery. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Anatomy – Thorax
The student is reviewing thoracic anatomy. Which structure passes through the aortic hiatus of the
diaphragm?
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Esophagus
D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aortic hiatus at T12 transmits the aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein. The caval
hiatus at T8 transmits the IVC. The esophageal hiatus at T10 transmits the esophagus and vagus
nerves. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Embryology – Gastrointestinal Tract
The student is reviewing embryology. The foregut is supplied by which artery?
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery
D. Internal iliac artery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk. The midgut by the superior mesenteric artery.
The hindgut by the inferior mesenteric artery. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Anatomy – Lower Extremity
The student is reviewing lower extremity anatomy. Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel
syndrome?
A. Ulnar nerve
B. Median nerve
, 3
C. Radial nerve
D. Axillary nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the median nerve as it passes through
the carpal tunnel, causing numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and radial half of the
ring finger. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Embryology – Heart
The student is reviewing cardiac embryology. The truncus arteriosus divides into which structures?
A. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
B. Superior and inferior vena cava
C. Right and left atria
D. Right and left ventricles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The truncus arteriosus divides into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Failure of division can
lead to persistent truncus arteriosus. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION 2: PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 9–16
Q9: Physiology – Cardiovascular
The student is reviewing cardiovascular physiology. What is the effect of increased contractility on
stroke volume?
A. Increases stroke volume
B. Decreases stroke volume
C. No effect
D. Decreases heart rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased contractility (positive inotropy) increases stroke volume by increasing the force
of ventricular contraction. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Physiology – Respiratory
The student is reviewing respiratory physiology. What is the effect of increased airway resistance on
airflow?
A. Increases airflow
B. Decreases airflow
C. No effect
D. Increases lung compliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased airway resistance (e.g., asthma, COPD) decreases airflow. According to
Poiseuille's law, airflow is inversely proportional to resistance. [100% CORRECT]
COMSAE PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 |
COMPREHENSIVE MEDICAL SELF-ASSESSMENT
| 75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY – Questions 1–8
Q1: Anatomy – Upper Limb
The student is reviewing upper limb anatomy. Which nerve is injured in a surgical neck fracture of
the humerus?
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus and is injured in
fractures at this location, causing deltoid paralysis and loss of sensation over the lateral shoulder.
The radial nerve is injured in midshaft fractures. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Embryology – Neural Tube
The student is reviewing embryology. Failure of the anterior neuropore to close results in which
condition?
A. Spina bifida
B. Anencephaly
C. Encephalocele
D. Meningocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failure of the anterior neuropore to close results in anencephaly. Failure of the posterior
neuropore to close results in spina bifida. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Anatomy – Cranial Nerves
The student is reviewing cranial nerves. Which cranial nerve is responsible for parasympathetic
innervation of the heart?
A. CN III
B. CN VII
C. CN IX
D. CN X
,2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, slowing heart
rate. CN III, VII, and IX also have parasympathetic functions but not for the heart. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Embryology – Aortic Arches
The student is reviewing aortic arches. The pulmonary arteries are derived from which aortic arch?
A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 5th
D. 6th
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 6th aortic arch gives rise to the pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus. The 4th
arch forms the aortic arch and right subclavian artery. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Anatomy – Thorax
The student is reviewing thoracic anatomy. Which structure passes through the aortic hiatus of the
diaphragm?
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Esophagus
D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aortic hiatus at T12 transmits the aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein. The caval
hiatus at T8 transmits the IVC. The esophageal hiatus at T10 transmits the esophagus and vagus
nerves. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Embryology – Gastrointestinal Tract
The student is reviewing embryology. The foregut is supplied by which artery?
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery
D. Internal iliac artery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk. The midgut by the superior mesenteric artery.
The hindgut by the inferior mesenteric artery. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Anatomy – Lower Extremity
The student is reviewing lower extremity anatomy. Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel
syndrome?
A. Ulnar nerve
B. Median nerve
, 3
C. Radial nerve
D. Axillary nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the median nerve as it passes through
the carpal tunnel, causing numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and radial half of the
ring finger. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Embryology – Heart
The student is reviewing cardiac embryology. The truncus arteriosus divides into which structures?
A. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
B. Superior and inferior vena cava
C. Right and left atria
D. Right and left ventricles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The truncus arteriosus divides into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Failure of division can
lead to persistent truncus arteriosus. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION 2: PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 9–16
Q9: Physiology – Cardiovascular
The student is reviewing cardiovascular physiology. What is the effect of increased contractility on
stroke volume?
A. Increases stroke volume
B. Decreases stroke volume
C. No effect
D. Decreases heart rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased contractility (positive inotropy) increases stroke volume by increasing the force
of ventricular contraction. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Physiology – Respiratory
The student is reviewing respiratory physiology. What is the effect of increased airway resistance on
airflow?
A. Increases airflow
B. Decreases airflow
C. No effect
D. Increases lung compliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased airway resistance (e.g., asthma, COPD) decreases airflow. According to
Poiseuille's law, airflow is inversely proportional to resistance. [100% CORRECT]
