UNIT 3 PART 2 ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM |
FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, functions of oral cavityAnswer: sensory analysis, mechanical processing, lubrication, limited
chemical digestion
sensory analysisAnswer: taste, texture, temperature
mechanical processingAnswer: through actions of teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
lubricationAnswer: mixing with mucus and salivary gland secretions
limited chemical digestionAnswer: carbohydrates and lipids
oral mucosaAnswer: lining or oral cavity, stratified epithelium
oral mucosa of cheeks, lips, and inferior surface of tongueAnswer: relatively thin,
nonkeratinized, and delicate
oral mucosa inferior to tongue isAnswer: thin and vascular enough to rapidly
labia (lipids)Answer: absorb lipid-soluble drugs
vestibuleAnswer: space between the cheeks (or lips) and teeth
functions of the tongueAnswer: mechanical processing by compression, abrasion, and distortion
tongue manipulation to assist inAnswer: chewing and to prepare material for swallowing
tongue sensory analysis byAnswer: touch, temperature, and taste receptors, secretion of mucins
and enzyme lingual lipase
salivary glands (accessory structure) 3 pairs secrete into oral activityAnswer: parotid salivary
glands, sublingual salivary glands, submandibular salivary glands
-each pair has a distinctive cellular organization and produces saliva with different properties
parotid (salivary glands)Answer: produce serous secretion, enzyme salivary amylase (breaks
down starches)
sublingualAnswer: produce mucous secretion, acts as buffer and lubricant
saliva glands produceAnswer: 1.0-1.5 liters of saliva each day
-70% mandibular glands
-25% parotids
-5% sublingual glands
saliva composition 99.4% water, 0.6% includesAnswer: electrolytes, buffers, glycoproteins
(mucins), antibodies
functions of salivaAnswer: lubricating the mouth, moistening and lubricating materials in the
mouth
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, functions of oral cavityAnswer: sensory analysis, mechanical processing, lubrication, limited
chemical digestion
sensory analysisAnswer: taste, texture, temperature
mechanical processingAnswer: through actions of teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
lubricationAnswer: mixing with mucus and salivary gland secretions
limited chemical digestionAnswer: carbohydrates and lipids
oral mucosaAnswer: lining or oral cavity, stratified epithelium
oral mucosa of cheeks, lips, and inferior surface of tongueAnswer: relatively thin,
nonkeratinized, and delicate
oral mucosa inferior to tongue isAnswer: thin and vascular enough to rapidly
labia (lipids)Answer: absorb lipid-soluble drugs
vestibuleAnswer: space between the cheeks (or lips) and teeth
functions of the tongueAnswer: mechanical processing by compression, abrasion, and distortion
tongue manipulation to assist inAnswer: chewing and to prepare material for swallowing
tongue sensory analysis byAnswer: touch, temperature, and taste receptors, secretion of mucins
and enzyme lingual lipase
salivary glands (accessory structure) 3 pairs secrete into oral activityAnswer: parotid salivary
glands, sublingual salivary glands, submandibular salivary glands
-each pair has a distinctive cellular organization and produces saliva with different properties
parotid (salivary glands)Answer: produce serous secretion, enzyme salivary amylase (breaks
down starches)
sublingualAnswer: produce mucous secretion, acts as buffer and lubricant
saliva glands produceAnswer: 1.0-1.5 liters of saliva each day
-70% mandibular glands
-25% parotids
-5% sublingual glands
saliva composition 99.4% water, 0.6% includesAnswer: electrolytes, buffers, glycoproteins
(mucins), antibodies
functions of salivaAnswer: lubricating the mouth, moistening and lubricating materials in the
mouth
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
