NSG 318 FINAL EXAM WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
What is the action of hydrochlorothiazide?
Promotes Na, Cl , K, & H2O excretion. Reabsorbs Ca. Vasodilation = decreased BP
What are side effects/adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
Photosensitivity, Blurred Vision, Muscle Cramps, Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia, Orthostatic
Hypotension, Gout, Anemia and Renal Failure
What are the drug interactions of hydrochlorothiazide?
- Digoxin because hypokalemia increased risk of digitalis toxicity
- Aspirin increases renal toxicity
- Steroids increase K loss
- Antidiabetics have decreased effects = increase BS
- NSAIDs decreased absorption
A patient wanted to try a few new CAMs. He just started taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which CAMs
should he avoid?
- Aloe (Decreased serum K Loss)
- Licorice (May increase K loss)
- Gingko (Decreased BP w/ thiazide)
- Hawthorne (Hypotension)
A patient asks the nurse how he should take hydrochlorothiazide when he is at home. How should the
nurse educate the patient?
- Take med early in the morning to avoid nocturia
- Change positions slowly bc orthostatic hypotension
- Avoid increased intake of Ca
What medication is in the drug class of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
a. Hydrochlorothiazide
b. Furosemide
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,c. Spironolactone
d. Aminoglycoside
c. Spironolactone
What is the drug action of spironolactone?
Acts on distal renal tubules to promote Na and H20 excretion and K retention
What are the drug interactions of spironolactone?
- K Supplements
- Antihypertensive and lithium (increased effects)
- ACE Inhibitor (life threatening)
What interventions should the nurse take when administering spironolactone?
- Monitor VS and urinary output
- S/S of hyperkalemia
- Administer in the morning to avoid nocturia
- Avoid foods high in K
What medication in the drug class of direct-acting vasodilator?
Cilostazol (Pletal)
A new grad doctor is asking a senior nurse which antibiotic they can prescribe while a patient is on Pletal
therapy. Which drugs interact with this med?
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin. Other drugs are Aspirin, Enoxaparin (Heparin), and Warfarin
Hint: "Clari, Ery and the Ins"
A patient on cilostazol therapy requests grape juice for lunch. A new grad nurse tells you that she is
concerned for interactions. Is this a concern? Why or why not?
This is not a concern. Grape fruit juice, green tea, gingko biloba and St John Worts are interactions.
A UAP reports that a patient has been complaining of melena, back and abdominal pain, a cough,
dysrhythmias, and peripheral edema. Which medication is likely causing these side effects?
a. Lisinopril
b. Warfarin
c. Pletal
d. Plavix
c. Pletal
What education should a nurse provide to a patient on cilostazol?
Therapeutic response may take 1.5 - 3 months
Avoid smoking b/c causes vasospasms.
Change positions slowly b/c orthostatic hypotension. Take med w/ meals to alleviate GI disturbances
Avoid alcohol with vasodilator because it may cause a hypotensive reaction.
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, What are the drug interactions of coumadin?
Aspirin, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, thyroid drugs, allopurinol, histamine blockers, PO hypoglycemic,
diuretics, PO antibiotics, vitamin E
Barbiturates, laxatives, phenytoin, PO contraceptives, Vitamin C and K
A patient on coumadin therapy starts to experience purple tow syndrome, chest pain, and hemorrhages.
Which action should be taken next?
a. Administer Vitamin K
b. Administer Protamine
c. Administer Aminocaproic acid
d. Administer Calcium Chloride
a. Vitamin K
What education should a nurse provide to a patient of warfarin therapy?
Monitor INR/PT and platelet counts
Examine mouth, urine, stool, and skin for bleeding
Inform dentist when taking an anticoagulant
Use soft toothbrush
Wear medic alert bracelet
Shave with an electric brush
What is the action of warfarin?
Depresses hepatic synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors
What is the action of heparin?
Inhibits thrombin which prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
A patient is admitted to the ER with a DVT. The patient's health records indicate that the patient has a
history of depression. What action should the nurse take next?
Perform a drug reconciliation to determine if they are on SSRIs as it is a drug interaction. Other drugs
includes Aspirin, NSAIDs, thrombolytic, antibiotics, nitroglycerin and protamine sulfate.
A patient on heparin therapy tells the nurse that she noticed blood in her stool and while brushing her
teeth. What action should the nurse take next?
a. Administer Vitamin K
b. Administer Protamine
c. Administer Aminocaproic acid
d. Administer Calcium Chloride
b. Administer Protamine
What medication is the drug class of antiplatelet?
a. Heparin
b. Alteplase
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CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
What is the action of hydrochlorothiazide?
Promotes Na, Cl , K, & H2O excretion. Reabsorbs Ca. Vasodilation = decreased BP
What are side effects/adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
Photosensitivity, Blurred Vision, Muscle Cramps, Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia, Orthostatic
Hypotension, Gout, Anemia and Renal Failure
What are the drug interactions of hydrochlorothiazide?
- Digoxin because hypokalemia increased risk of digitalis toxicity
- Aspirin increases renal toxicity
- Steroids increase K loss
- Antidiabetics have decreased effects = increase BS
- NSAIDs decreased absorption
A patient wanted to try a few new CAMs. He just started taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which CAMs
should he avoid?
- Aloe (Decreased serum K Loss)
- Licorice (May increase K loss)
- Gingko (Decreased BP w/ thiazide)
- Hawthorne (Hypotension)
A patient asks the nurse how he should take hydrochlorothiazide when he is at home. How should the
nurse educate the patient?
- Take med early in the morning to avoid nocturia
- Change positions slowly bc orthostatic hypotension
- Avoid increased intake of Ca
What medication is in the drug class of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
a. Hydrochlorothiazide
b. Furosemide
1|Page
,c. Spironolactone
d. Aminoglycoside
c. Spironolactone
What is the drug action of spironolactone?
Acts on distal renal tubules to promote Na and H20 excretion and K retention
What are the drug interactions of spironolactone?
- K Supplements
- Antihypertensive and lithium (increased effects)
- ACE Inhibitor (life threatening)
What interventions should the nurse take when administering spironolactone?
- Monitor VS and urinary output
- S/S of hyperkalemia
- Administer in the morning to avoid nocturia
- Avoid foods high in K
What medication in the drug class of direct-acting vasodilator?
Cilostazol (Pletal)
A new grad doctor is asking a senior nurse which antibiotic they can prescribe while a patient is on Pletal
therapy. Which drugs interact with this med?
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin. Other drugs are Aspirin, Enoxaparin (Heparin), and Warfarin
Hint: "Clari, Ery and the Ins"
A patient on cilostazol therapy requests grape juice for lunch. A new grad nurse tells you that she is
concerned for interactions. Is this a concern? Why or why not?
This is not a concern. Grape fruit juice, green tea, gingko biloba and St John Worts are interactions.
A UAP reports that a patient has been complaining of melena, back and abdominal pain, a cough,
dysrhythmias, and peripheral edema. Which medication is likely causing these side effects?
a. Lisinopril
b. Warfarin
c. Pletal
d. Plavix
c. Pletal
What education should a nurse provide to a patient on cilostazol?
Therapeutic response may take 1.5 - 3 months
Avoid smoking b/c causes vasospasms.
Change positions slowly b/c orthostatic hypotension. Take med w/ meals to alleviate GI disturbances
Avoid alcohol with vasodilator because it may cause a hypotensive reaction.
2|Page
, What are the drug interactions of coumadin?
Aspirin, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, thyroid drugs, allopurinol, histamine blockers, PO hypoglycemic,
diuretics, PO antibiotics, vitamin E
Barbiturates, laxatives, phenytoin, PO contraceptives, Vitamin C and K
A patient on coumadin therapy starts to experience purple tow syndrome, chest pain, and hemorrhages.
Which action should be taken next?
a. Administer Vitamin K
b. Administer Protamine
c. Administer Aminocaproic acid
d. Administer Calcium Chloride
a. Vitamin K
What education should a nurse provide to a patient of warfarin therapy?
Monitor INR/PT and platelet counts
Examine mouth, urine, stool, and skin for bleeding
Inform dentist when taking an anticoagulant
Use soft toothbrush
Wear medic alert bracelet
Shave with an electric brush
What is the action of warfarin?
Depresses hepatic synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors
What is the action of heparin?
Inhibits thrombin which prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
A patient is admitted to the ER with a DVT. The patient's health records indicate that the patient has a
history of depression. What action should the nurse take next?
Perform a drug reconciliation to determine if they are on SSRIs as it is a drug interaction. Other drugs
includes Aspirin, NSAIDs, thrombolytic, antibiotics, nitroglycerin and protamine sulfate.
A patient on heparin therapy tells the nurse that she noticed blood in her stool and while brushing her
teeth. What action should the nurse take next?
a. Administer Vitamin K
b. Administer Protamine
c. Administer Aminocaproic acid
d. Administer Calcium Chloride
b. Administer Protamine
What medication is the drug class of antiplatelet?
a. Heparin
b. Alteplase
3|Page
