FNES 163 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Solutions
Artifical Sweetners are a great substitute for table sugar. True or False?
False
Gram per Gram, sugar provides more energy than starch. True or False?
Gram per gram, sugar provides the same amount of energy as starch *False
Eating a high-fiber diet may reduce your blood cholesterol level. True or False?
Eating a high-fiber diet can improve your blood cholesterol levels. *True
The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as added sugars. True or
False
The average american comsumes about 18% of his/her energy intake from added sugars. *False
What is a Carbohydrate?
organic compounds used to make energy; 4cal/gram
What carb is a primary source energy source?
Glucose
What are the two types of carbs?
Simple Carbs (sugar, fruits) and Complex Carbs (Starches and Fiber, grains, sweet potatoes)
What is the simplest form of a carbohydrate?
Sugar
What is a monosaccharide?
,simplest sugar molecule; the masic chemical unit of carbohydrates
What is a disaccharide?
two monosaccharides joined together
What are the monosccharides?
simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
What is glucose?
primary energy source for cells; can also be called dextrose or blood sugar
What is Fructose?
fruit sugar
What is Galactose?
part of milk sugar (lactose)
What are the disaccharides?
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Maltose
glucose + glucose
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
Lactose
,glucose + galactose
What are nutritive sweetners?
carbohydrates that are sweet and contribute energy/calories to food when consumed
What are added sugars?
sugars that are added during processing or preparation (ex. sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup)
What are alternative nutritive sweetners?
a substance added to a food to sweeten it but provide fewer kilocalories (2kcal/g) than sugars
(4kcal/g)
What are Nonnutritive sweetners?
synthetic compounds that sweeten foods while providing little or no kilocalories
What high-intensity nonnutritive sweetners does the FDA approve of?
Sweet and Low, Equal, Stevia, Monk fruit and Splenda
What is Starch?
energy storage molecule. storage form of glucose in plants; in seeds, roots, and tubers
What is Glycogen?
energy storage molecule. storage form of glucose in humans and other animals; stored in the
liver and muscles
Humans can digest most forms of dietary fibers. True or False?
Most forms of dietary fiber are complex carbs that humans cannot digest *False
, Foods that are refined and rich in carbohydrates loose fiber. True or False?
Refining foods that are rich sources of carbohydrates often removes fiber *True
What is insulin?
A hormone made by and released from the pancreas (beta cells) when blood glucose level is high
What is glucagon?
A hormone secreted by the pancreas (alpha cells) when blood glucose level is low.
What are Ketone bodies?
an alternative energy source that is formed when there is not enough glucose in the body;
produced by the liver, can lead to ketoacidosis
What is Ketoacidosis?
A condition caused by high blood ketone bodies, the PH of your blood becomes acidic; occurs in
poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes
Total Carbohydrates on the Nutrition Facts Panel includes...
Total carbs, amounts of fiber, amounts of total sugars, amounts of added sugars
What is Hyperglycemia?
Highblood sugar/glucose levels
What is hypoglycemia?
low blood sugar/glucose levels
Describe Type 1 Diabetes...
Artifical Sweetners are a great substitute for table sugar. True or False?
False
Gram per Gram, sugar provides more energy than starch. True or False?
Gram per gram, sugar provides the same amount of energy as starch *False
Eating a high-fiber diet may reduce your blood cholesterol level. True or False?
Eating a high-fiber diet can improve your blood cholesterol levels. *True
The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as added sugars. True or
False
The average american comsumes about 18% of his/her energy intake from added sugars. *False
What is a Carbohydrate?
organic compounds used to make energy; 4cal/gram
What carb is a primary source energy source?
Glucose
What are the two types of carbs?
Simple Carbs (sugar, fruits) and Complex Carbs (Starches and Fiber, grains, sweet potatoes)
What is the simplest form of a carbohydrate?
Sugar
What is a monosaccharide?
,simplest sugar molecule; the masic chemical unit of carbohydrates
What is a disaccharide?
two monosaccharides joined together
What are the monosccharides?
simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
What is glucose?
primary energy source for cells; can also be called dextrose or blood sugar
What is Fructose?
fruit sugar
What is Galactose?
part of milk sugar (lactose)
What are the disaccharides?
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Maltose
glucose + glucose
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
Lactose
,glucose + galactose
What are nutritive sweetners?
carbohydrates that are sweet and contribute energy/calories to food when consumed
What are added sugars?
sugars that are added during processing or preparation (ex. sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup)
What are alternative nutritive sweetners?
a substance added to a food to sweeten it but provide fewer kilocalories (2kcal/g) than sugars
(4kcal/g)
What are Nonnutritive sweetners?
synthetic compounds that sweeten foods while providing little or no kilocalories
What high-intensity nonnutritive sweetners does the FDA approve of?
Sweet and Low, Equal, Stevia, Monk fruit and Splenda
What is Starch?
energy storage molecule. storage form of glucose in plants; in seeds, roots, and tubers
What is Glycogen?
energy storage molecule. storage form of glucose in humans and other animals; stored in the
liver and muscles
Humans can digest most forms of dietary fibers. True or False?
Most forms of dietary fiber are complex carbs that humans cannot digest *False
, Foods that are refined and rich in carbohydrates loose fiber. True or False?
Refining foods that are rich sources of carbohydrates often removes fiber *True
What is insulin?
A hormone made by and released from the pancreas (beta cells) when blood glucose level is high
What is glucagon?
A hormone secreted by the pancreas (alpha cells) when blood glucose level is low.
What are Ketone bodies?
an alternative energy source that is formed when there is not enough glucose in the body;
produced by the liver, can lead to ketoacidosis
What is Ketoacidosis?
A condition caused by high blood ketone bodies, the PH of your blood becomes acidic; occurs in
poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes
Total Carbohydrates on the Nutrition Facts Panel includes...
Total carbs, amounts of fiber, amounts of total sugars, amounts of added sugars
What is Hyperglycemia?
Highblood sugar/glucose levels
What is hypoglycemia?
low blood sugar/glucose levels
Describe Type 1 Diabetes...
