CTEL Actual Exam Questions with Correct
Solutions
A group of elementary beginning-level English learners has difficulty
pronouncing a particular English phoneme. Which of the following strategies
is likely to be the most effective first step in addressing the students'
difficulty?
using meaningful minimal pair activities, such as rhyming words in poems and
songs, to develop the students' ability to identify and produce the phoneme in the
context of whole words
Minimalpairactivitiesdemonstrateacontrastbetweentwosimilar phonemes (e.g.,
van/ban, sheep/ship). Contextualized minimal pair activities, such as rhyming
words in poems and songs, are likely to be effective for actively engaging
elementary beginning-level English learners in discriminating and producing
phonemes that are causing them difficulty (e.g., phonemes that are not transferable
from the primary language).
We worked hard on the bake sale. To raise money for the class trip. Students
in an early-advanced ELDclass frequently make mistakes in their writing
similar to the one underlined above. The first step the teacher should take in
,addressing this problem is to help the students learn how to do which of the
following?
distinguish between phrase fragments and complete sentences
Completesentencesrequirebothasubjectandapredicate.The underlined portion of the
passage represents a fragment that has neither a subject nor a predicate. As a first
step in learning how to construct complete sentences, students making this type of
mistake need to learn how to distinguish between phrase fragments and complete
sentences.
A person may choose to use different variations of a language depending on
the context of a discourse. Which of the following situations best illustrates
this phenomenon?
A person uses one set of vocabulary words and language structures when
discussing a topic with friends but uses another set when discussing the same topic
with colleagues.
People regularly vary their speech (e.g., word choice, complexity of syntax) based
on the context of a discourse. Typically, this stylistic variation relates to
adjustments in the level of formality of language use and is influenced by the
,degree of social distance between the speaker and his or her conversational
partner(s). A common example of this phenomenon is when a person uses a
different style of speech with friends than with colleagues to discuss the same
topic.
Which of the following activities is likely to be most effective in helping high
school English learners develop familiaritywith standard discourse structures
and conventions used in academic essays?
helping students analyze sample essays and construct graphic organizers
illustrating the structure of different types of essays, which they can refer to when
drafting their own essays
Differenttypesofacademicessaysusedifferenttextstructures(e.g., attributive,
compare/contrast, problem/solution). Analyzing each of these text structuresbased
on representative sample essays helps English learners become familiar with the
features, components, and organization of each essay type. Creating a graphic
organizer that provides a concrete visual outline of each text structure further
facilitates students' understanding of different essay types and also provides them
with a tool for helping them construct their own essays.
, In order to develop pragmatic competence as a writer, a student must pay
most attention to which of the following?
audience and purpose
Pragmaticcompetenceisassociatedwithaperson'sawarenessofthe effects of context
on language use. A writer with well-developed pragmatic competence will adjust
the features of his or her writing (e.g., formality of language use) based on
contextual factors, such as the target audience and intended purpose for writing.
Which of the following is the primary tenet of social-interactionist theories of
language acquisition?
Language learners need to have meaningful opportunities to negotiate meaning
with others and to construct comprehensible output in the target language.
Proponents of social-interactionist theories of language acquisition emphasize the
role of social interaction in language development. They believe that language
learners develop proficiency in a target language by engaging in meaningful
interactions with adults and peers in the environment, which provides them with
opportunities to negotiate meaning and to produce comprehensible output.
Solutions
A group of elementary beginning-level English learners has difficulty
pronouncing a particular English phoneme. Which of the following strategies
is likely to be the most effective first step in addressing the students'
difficulty?
using meaningful minimal pair activities, such as rhyming words in poems and
songs, to develop the students' ability to identify and produce the phoneme in the
context of whole words
Minimalpairactivitiesdemonstrateacontrastbetweentwosimilar phonemes (e.g.,
van/ban, sheep/ship). Contextualized minimal pair activities, such as rhyming
words in poems and songs, are likely to be effective for actively engaging
elementary beginning-level English learners in discriminating and producing
phonemes that are causing them difficulty (e.g., phonemes that are not transferable
from the primary language).
We worked hard on the bake sale. To raise money for the class trip. Students
in an early-advanced ELDclass frequently make mistakes in their writing
similar to the one underlined above. The first step the teacher should take in
,addressing this problem is to help the students learn how to do which of the
following?
distinguish between phrase fragments and complete sentences
Completesentencesrequirebothasubjectandapredicate.The underlined portion of the
passage represents a fragment that has neither a subject nor a predicate. As a first
step in learning how to construct complete sentences, students making this type of
mistake need to learn how to distinguish between phrase fragments and complete
sentences.
A person may choose to use different variations of a language depending on
the context of a discourse. Which of the following situations best illustrates
this phenomenon?
A person uses one set of vocabulary words and language structures when
discussing a topic with friends but uses another set when discussing the same topic
with colleagues.
People regularly vary their speech (e.g., word choice, complexity of syntax) based
on the context of a discourse. Typically, this stylistic variation relates to
adjustments in the level of formality of language use and is influenced by the
,degree of social distance between the speaker and his or her conversational
partner(s). A common example of this phenomenon is when a person uses a
different style of speech with friends than with colleagues to discuss the same
topic.
Which of the following activities is likely to be most effective in helping high
school English learners develop familiaritywith standard discourse structures
and conventions used in academic essays?
helping students analyze sample essays and construct graphic organizers
illustrating the structure of different types of essays, which they can refer to when
drafting their own essays
Differenttypesofacademicessaysusedifferenttextstructures(e.g., attributive,
compare/contrast, problem/solution). Analyzing each of these text structuresbased
on representative sample essays helps English learners become familiar with the
features, components, and organization of each essay type. Creating a graphic
organizer that provides a concrete visual outline of each text structure further
facilitates students' understanding of different essay types and also provides them
with a tool for helping them construct their own essays.
, In order to develop pragmatic competence as a writer, a student must pay
most attention to which of the following?
audience and purpose
Pragmaticcompetenceisassociatedwithaperson'sawarenessofthe effects of context
on language use. A writer with well-developed pragmatic competence will adjust
the features of his or her writing (e.g., formality of language use) based on
contextual factors, such as the target audience and intended purpose for writing.
Which of the following is the primary tenet of social-interactionist theories of
language acquisition?
Language learners need to have meaningful opportunities to negotiate meaning
with others and to construct comprehensible output in the target language.
Proponents of social-interactionist theories of language acquisition emphasize the
role of social interaction in language development. They believe that language
learners develop proficiency in a target language by engaging in meaningful
interactions with adults and peers in the environment, which provides them with
opportunities to negotiate meaning and to produce comprehensible output.
