PNL210 (PRACTICAL NURSING LAB): EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
differentiate between:
Solvent, Diluent, Liquid, Solution, and Reconstitution. - Answers - The process of
adding a solvent or diluent (liquid) to a medication in powdered form to dissolve it and
form a solution is referred to as "reconstitution
How can reconstituted medications be administered? - Answers - IM or IV
Reconstituted medications can be administered via the IM route or are then further
diluted into an IV mini-bag
What are the advantages of IV medication administration? - Answers - Medications that
must be absorbed quickly can be given quickly.
Prevents the breakdown of medications by enzymes in the stomach.
What is an IV push or a bolus IV therapy. - Answers - An IV "push" is a one time, rapid
injection of medication into the bloodstream.
disadvantages of IV medication administration? - Answers - Infection (must be sterile)
Risk of phlebitis (due to medication error - bolus infusion)
Risk of "infiltration" (medication leaks into surrounding tissue rather than going into the
blood stream. This can cause damage at the site of entry ie. vein).
Risk of air embolism (air bubbles travelling to the heart and lungs. This causes severe
problems in circulation.)
Can result in deep vain thrombosis (Clots become stuck in important blood vessels and
cause tissue damage or death.)
Toxicity or allergic side effect happen fast.
Phlebitis - Answers - toxicity or damage the vein near the site of injection. Phlebitis, or
inflammation of the veins
Administering IV Medications - Answers - Must be very careful to calculate dose
accurately
May need to monitor vital signs
,Must check compatibility of drug with IV solution
Methods of Administering IV Medications - Answers - Push or bolus, and infusion
Veins used in IV therapy - Answers - Internal jugular
External jugular
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian
Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital
Median antebrachial
Accessory cephalic
Dorsal venous arch
Metacarpal
Digital
1. Define the term parenteral medication administration. - Answers - administered by
injection with use of a needle and syringe
parenteral routes - Answers -
Parts of a syringe - Answers -
Which parts of the syringe must remains sterile? - Answers -
Needle Gauge - Answers - IM injections usually use: 18 - 27 gauge needle
Sub-Q injections usually use: 25 gauge needle
Use longer needles 2.5 - 3.8cm for IM
Use shorter needles 1 - 1.6cm for Sub-Q
Identify the most common needle size for intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular
injections. And degrees of injection. - Answers - Intradermal: 25-27G
3/8 to 5/8 inch
Subcutaneous:23-25G,
5/8 to 1/2 inch
Intramuscular: 22-25G,
1 to 1 1/2 inch
intradermal needle - Answers -
, subcutaneous needle - Answers -
intramuscular needle - Answers -
The lower the gauge number the smaller the gauge size? T or F - Answers -
Gauge size of pediatric needle and colour? - Answers - 24 G: yellow
What is a needle stick injury, how can it be prevented, and what do you do if it occurs? -
Answers -
Ampule vs. Vial - Answers - Ampule: sealed glass container which holds a single dose
of medication
Vial: a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for
holding liquid medicines.
Ampule: What safety precautions does the nurse need to take? - Answers -
Identify the steps in preparing injections from an ampule and from a vial. - Answers -
Explain the procedure for mixing medications from two vials. - Answers -
Explain the assessments the nurse must perform prior to administering an injection. -
Answers -
intramuscular injection sites (4) - Answers - Vastus Lateralis Muscle (Thigh): Look at
your thigh and divide it into 3 equal parts. Ventrogluteal Muscle (Hip): Have the person
getting the injection lie on his or her side. Deltoid Muscle (Upper arm muscle):
intradermal injection sites - Answers - the outer aspect of the upper arm, the abdomen
(from below the costal margin to the iliac crests), the anterior aspects of the thigh, the
upper back, and the upper ventral or dorsogluteal area. Avoid sites that are bruised,
tender, hard, swollen, inflamed, or scarred. These conditions could affect absorption or
cause discomfort and injury
Correct procedure for an intradermal injection. - Answers -
The correct procedure for administration for a subcutaneous injection. - Answers -
procedure for removing medication from a vial? - Answers -
Pre-filled Syringes: - Answers - The medication comes prepared for administration by
pharmacy with the needle attached
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
differentiate between:
Solvent, Diluent, Liquid, Solution, and Reconstitution. - Answers - The process of
adding a solvent or diluent (liquid) to a medication in powdered form to dissolve it and
form a solution is referred to as "reconstitution
How can reconstituted medications be administered? - Answers - IM or IV
Reconstituted medications can be administered via the IM route or are then further
diluted into an IV mini-bag
What are the advantages of IV medication administration? - Answers - Medications that
must be absorbed quickly can be given quickly.
Prevents the breakdown of medications by enzymes in the stomach.
What is an IV push or a bolus IV therapy. - Answers - An IV "push" is a one time, rapid
injection of medication into the bloodstream.
disadvantages of IV medication administration? - Answers - Infection (must be sterile)
Risk of phlebitis (due to medication error - bolus infusion)
Risk of "infiltration" (medication leaks into surrounding tissue rather than going into the
blood stream. This can cause damage at the site of entry ie. vein).
Risk of air embolism (air bubbles travelling to the heart and lungs. This causes severe
problems in circulation.)
Can result in deep vain thrombosis (Clots become stuck in important blood vessels and
cause tissue damage or death.)
Toxicity or allergic side effect happen fast.
Phlebitis - Answers - toxicity or damage the vein near the site of injection. Phlebitis, or
inflammation of the veins
Administering IV Medications - Answers - Must be very careful to calculate dose
accurately
May need to monitor vital signs
,Must check compatibility of drug with IV solution
Methods of Administering IV Medications - Answers - Push or bolus, and infusion
Veins used in IV therapy - Answers - Internal jugular
External jugular
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian
Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital
Median antebrachial
Accessory cephalic
Dorsal venous arch
Metacarpal
Digital
1. Define the term parenteral medication administration. - Answers - administered by
injection with use of a needle and syringe
parenteral routes - Answers -
Parts of a syringe - Answers -
Which parts of the syringe must remains sterile? - Answers -
Needle Gauge - Answers - IM injections usually use: 18 - 27 gauge needle
Sub-Q injections usually use: 25 gauge needle
Use longer needles 2.5 - 3.8cm for IM
Use shorter needles 1 - 1.6cm for Sub-Q
Identify the most common needle size for intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular
injections. And degrees of injection. - Answers - Intradermal: 25-27G
3/8 to 5/8 inch
Subcutaneous:23-25G,
5/8 to 1/2 inch
Intramuscular: 22-25G,
1 to 1 1/2 inch
intradermal needle - Answers -
, subcutaneous needle - Answers -
intramuscular needle - Answers -
The lower the gauge number the smaller the gauge size? T or F - Answers -
Gauge size of pediatric needle and colour? - Answers - 24 G: yellow
What is a needle stick injury, how can it be prevented, and what do you do if it occurs? -
Answers -
Ampule vs. Vial - Answers - Ampule: sealed glass container which holds a single dose
of medication
Vial: a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for
holding liquid medicines.
Ampule: What safety precautions does the nurse need to take? - Answers -
Identify the steps in preparing injections from an ampule and from a vial. - Answers -
Explain the procedure for mixing medications from two vials. - Answers -
Explain the assessments the nurse must perform prior to administering an injection. -
Answers -
intramuscular injection sites (4) - Answers - Vastus Lateralis Muscle (Thigh): Look at
your thigh and divide it into 3 equal parts. Ventrogluteal Muscle (Hip): Have the person
getting the injection lie on his or her side. Deltoid Muscle (Upper arm muscle):
intradermal injection sites - Answers - the outer aspect of the upper arm, the abdomen
(from below the costal margin to the iliac crests), the anterior aspects of the thigh, the
upper back, and the upper ventral or dorsogluteal area. Avoid sites that are bruised,
tender, hard, swollen, inflamed, or scarred. These conditions could affect absorption or
cause discomfort and injury
Correct procedure for an intradermal injection. - Answers -
The correct procedure for administration for a subcutaneous injection. - Answers -
procedure for removing medication from a vial? - Answers -
Pre-filled Syringes: - Answers - The medication comes prepared for administration by
pharmacy with the needle attached
