,Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse, 2nd Edition
Chapter 1: Cellular Function
Total: 75 MCQs + 25 Essay Questions = 100 Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions (75 Questions)
1. The nucleus __________, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
Correct Answer: B
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell because
they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
C) extract energy from organic compounds
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
Correct Answer: C
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) a gating system of selective ion channels
Correct Answer: A
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions
C) bind to contractile microfilaments
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid
Correct Answer: D
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid
Correct Answer: B
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in __________ into the extracellular fluid.
A) engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
,B) killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
Correct Answer: C
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions
B) millivoltage of electrical potential
C) polarization of charged particles
D) ion channel neurotransmission
Correct Answer: A
8. Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and renewal?
A) The squamous epithelial cells of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting blood vessels
C) The skeletal muscle that facilitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system
Correct Answer: A
9. A patient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to exhibit:
A) impaired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle
B) weakness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space
C) impaired communication between neurons and effector organs
D) separation at the junctions between epithelial cells
Correct Answer: D
10. Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:
A) oncotic pressure increases
B) oncotic pressure decreases
C) osmotic pressure increases
D) hydrostatic pressure decreases
Correct Answer: B
11. Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane for release. This
is an example of:
A) pinocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) endocytosis
Correct Answer: C
12. What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?
A) Ova meiosis is complete by the time a girl is born
B) The older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis
, C) Older ova are more likely to have p53 gene mutations
D) Ova are continuously produced
Correct Answer: B
13. DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:
A) mitochondria
B) nucleolus
C) ribosomes
D) nucleus
Correct Answer: D
14. During which phase of the cell cycle are there "checkpoints" where damaged DNA is fixed?
A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase
Correct Answer: A
15. Which of the following are characteristic of malignant cells?
A) Anaplastic, proliferate, and nonfunctioning
B) Well differentiated and nonfunctioning
C) Anaplastic, encapsulated, and functioning
D) Some differentiation, evade apoptosis, and functioning
Correct Answer: A
16. A patient has pancreatic cancer and has a RAS proto-oncogene mutation. This oncogene affects cells
by:
A) suppressing cellular growth and division
B) turning off protein transcription
C) allowing the cell to gain function such as proliferation
D) destroying cellular repair mechanisms
Correct Answer: C
17. A mutation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene associated with cancer of the breast and ovaries will result
in cell:
A) loss of tumor suppressor function
B) gain of tumor suppressor function
C) accelerated hyperplasia
D) increase in protein transcription
Correct Answer: A
18. Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates:
A) changes in underlying DNA sequence
B) single nucleotide polymorphism development
Chapter 1: Cellular Function
Total: 75 MCQs + 25 Essay Questions = 100 Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions (75 Questions)
1. The nucleus __________, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
Correct Answer: B
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell because
they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
C) extract energy from organic compounds
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
Correct Answer: C
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the
specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) a gating system of selective ion channels
Correct Answer: A
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions
C) bind to contractile microfilaments
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid
Correct Answer: D
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid
Correct Answer: B
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in __________ into the extracellular fluid.
A) engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
,B) killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
Correct Answer: C
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions
B) millivoltage of electrical potential
C) polarization of charged particles
D) ion channel neurotransmission
Correct Answer: A
8. Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and renewal?
A) The squamous epithelial cells of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting blood vessels
C) The skeletal muscle that facilitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system
Correct Answer: A
9. A patient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to exhibit:
A) impaired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle
B) weakness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space
C) impaired communication between neurons and effector organs
D) separation at the junctions between epithelial cells
Correct Answer: D
10. Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can cause edema because:
A) oncotic pressure increases
B) oncotic pressure decreases
C) osmotic pressure increases
D) hydrostatic pressure decreases
Correct Answer: B
11. Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles and then fuse with the cell membrane for release. This
is an example of:
A) pinocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) endocytosis
Correct Answer: C
12. What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?
A) Ova meiosis is complete by the time a girl is born
B) The older ova are more likely to have errors during meiosis
, C) Older ova are more likely to have p53 gene mutations
D) Ova are continuously produced
Correct Answer: B
13. DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from the:
A) mitochondria
B) nucleolus
C) ribosomes
D) nucleus
Correct Answer: D
14. During which phase of the cell cycle are there "checkpoints" where damaged DNA is fixed?
A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase
Correct Answer: A
15. Which of the following are characteristic of malignant cells?
A) Anaplastic, proliferate, and nonfunctioning
B) Well differentiated and nonfunctioning
C) Anaplastic, encapsulated, and functioning
D) Some differentiation, evade apoptosis, and functioning
Correct Answer: A
16. A patient has pancreatic cancer and has a RAS proto-oncogene mutation. This oncogene affects cells
by:
A) suppressing cellular growth and division
B) turning off protein transcription
C) allowing the cell to gain function such as proliferation
D) destroying cellular repair mechanisms
Correct Answer: C
17. A mutation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene associated with cancer of the breast and ovaries will result
in cell:
A) loss of tumor suppressor function
B) gain of tumor suppressor function
C) accelerated hyperplasia
D) increase in protein transcription
Correct Answer: A
18. Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates:
A) changes in underlying DNA sequence
B) single nucleotide polymorphism development
