NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW TIPS
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The process by which cells program themselves to die is called:
A) karyolysis.
B) apoptosis.
C) pyknosis.
D) necrosis. - ✔✔b
✔✔Osmosis describes the movement of:
A) electrolytes.
B) glucose.
C) water.
D) blood. - ✔✔c
✔✔Which of the following electrolytes is found in the highest concentrations in the
intracellular fluid (ICF)?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium - ✔✔d
✔✔Capillary oncotic pressure is primarily determined by which of the following
molecules?
A) Glucose
B) Sodium
C) Albumin
D) Water - ✔✔c
✔✔Edema can result from all of the following alterations except:
A) decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
B) decreased capillary oncotic pressure.
C) lymphatic obstruction.
D) increased capillary membrane permeability. - ✔✔a
,✔✔Symptoms of dehydration include:
A) decreased urine output.
B) increased skin turgor.
C) increased blood pressure.
D) edema. - ✔✔a
✔✔What is the purpose of vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability during
inflammation?
A) To bring white blood cells to the area of injury
B) To transport inflammatory chemicals to the area of injury
C) To dilute toxins
D) All of the above - ✔✔d
✔✔The first cell to react to tissue injury is the:
A) macrophage.
B) mast cell.
C) fibroblast.
D) neutrophil - ✔✔b
✔✔Which of the following stimuli are known to induce mast cell degranulation?
A) Thermal injury
B) The presence of toxins
C) Immunologic tissue injury
D) All of the above - ✔✔d
✔✔The process of a phagocyte squeezing through retracted endothelial cells to enter
into the tissues is called:
A) fusion.
B) diapedesis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) margination. - ✔✔b
✔✔Prior to engulfment of a bacterium during phagocytosis, which of the following
events must occur?
A) Release of lysosomal enzymes
B) Fusion
C) Recognition and adherence
D) Formation of a phagolysosome - ✔✔c
✔✔In addition to phagocytosis, which of the following functions are also performed by
macrophages?
A) Release of growth factors and stimulating new blood vessel growth
B) Destroying circulating antibodies
, C) Inhibiting inflammation
D) Promotion of blood clotting - ✔✔a
✔✔A monocyte is a circulating white blood cell that transforms into which of the
following cells once it enters the tissue during an inflammatory response?
A) Neutrophil
B) Macrophage
C) Mast cell
D) Fibroblast - ✔✔b
✔✔Cells defend against viral invasion through the production and secretion of:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) growth factors.
D) prostaglandins. - ✔✔b
✔✔Opsonization promotes the process of:
A) phagocytosis.
B) vasodilation.
C) increased vascular permeability.
D) clotting. - ✔✔a
✔✔Warmth and redness of the skin are indicators of inflammation. Which of the
following processes is responsible for this clinical manifestation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Phagocytosis
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Vasodilation - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the
site of a persistent bacterial infection?
A) Fibrinous
B) Serous
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Purulent - ✔✔d
✔✔One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever, which is
induced by several mediators, including:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) interleukin 1.
D) nitrous oxide. - ✔✔c
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The process by which cells program themselves to die is called:
A) karyolysis.
B) apoptosis.
C) pyknosis.
D) necrosis. - ✔✔b
✔✔Osmosis describes the movement of:
A) electrolytes.
B) glucose.
C) water.
D) blood. - ✔✔c
✔✔Which of the following electrolytes is found in the highest concentrations in the
intracellular fluid (ICF)?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium - ✔✔d
✔✔Capillary oncotic pressure is primarily determined by which of the following
molecules?
A) Glucose
B) Sodium
C) Albumin
D) Water - ✔✔c
✔✔Edema can result from all of the following alterations except:
A) decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
B) decreased capillary oncotic pressure.
C) lymphatic obstruction.
D) increased capillary membrane permeability. - ✔✔a
,✔✔Symptoms of dehydration include:
A) decreased urine output.
B) increased skin turgor.
C) increased blood pressure.
D) edema. - ✔✔a
✔✔What is the purpose of vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability during
inflammation?
A) To bring white blood cells to the area of injury
B) To transport inflammatory chemicals to the area of injury
C) To dilute toxins
D) All of the above - ✔✔d
✔✔The first cell to react to tissue injury is the:
A) macrophage.
B) mast cell.
C) fibroblast.
D) neutrophil - ✔✔b
✔✔Which of the following stimuli are known to induce mast cell degranulation?
A) Thermal injury
B) The presence of toxins
C) Immunologic tissue injury
D) All of the above - ✔✔d
✔✔The process of a phagocyte squeezing through retracted endothelial cells to enter
into the tissues is called:
A) fusion.
B) diapedesis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) margination. - ✔✔b
✔✔Prior to engulfment of a bacterium during phagocytosis, which of the following
events must occur?
A) Release of lysosomal enzymes
B) Fusion
C) Recognition and adherence
D) Formation of a phagolysosome - ✔✔c
✔✔In addition to phagocytosis, which of the following functions are also performed by
macrophages?
A) Release of growth factors and stimulating new blood vessel growth
B) Destroying circulating antibodies
, C) Inhibiting inflammation
D) Promotion of blood clotting - ✔✔a
✔✔A monocyte is a circulating white blood cell that transforms into which of the
following cells once it enters the tissue during an inflammatory response?
A) Neutrophil
B) Macrophage
C) Mast cell
D) Fibroblast - ✔✔b
✔✔Cells defend against viral invasion through the production and secretion of:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) growth factors.
D) prostaglandins. - ✔✔b
✔✔Opsonization promotes the process of:
A) phagocytosis.
B) vasodilation.
C) increased vascular permeability.
D) clotting. - ✔✔a
✔✔Warmth and redness of the skin are indicators of inflammation. Which of the
following processes is responsible for this clinical manifestation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Phagocytosis
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Vasodilation - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the
site of a persistent bacterial infection?
A) Fibrinous
B) Serous
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Purulent - ✔✔d
✔✔One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever, which is
induced by several mediators, including:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) interleukin 1.
D) nitrous oxide. - ✔✔c
