BIO 340 CORRECT TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Which statement is correct? - ✔✔linked genes are always syntenic
✔✔What is the relative distance (in cM) of two unlinked genes. - ✔✔50 cM
✔✔You are screening a population of 350 island sheep for coat color, and you count
100 black sheep and 250 white sheep. What is p, frequency of the "black" allele of the
TYRP1 gene? Crossing true breeding black sheep with true breeding white sheep
always results in 100% black sheep. - ✔✔p= 0.1548
✔✔In the same population, if it is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, howe many
individuals do you expect to be heterozygous at TYRP1? - ✔✔92
✔✔You come back after the population has gone through one generation, and count
445 white sheep and 208 black sheep. What is the EXPECTED number of
heterozygotes in the new generation, if this population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
- ✔✔171
✔✔What is the OBSERVED number of heterozygotes in the new generation? - ✔✔188
✔✔Using the same logic, you get the expected and observed number of homozygotes
in the new generation, and run a x^2 test. You find your p-value is 0.8377. What can
you say about this population? - ✔✔This population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
the TYRP1 locus: the TYRP1 is not experiencing any force of evolution.
✔✔In which of these populations in Natural Selection more likely to occur? - ✔✔A large
population with high phenotypic variation
✔✔In eukaryotes, processing (capping, splicing) is taking place at the 5' end while the 3'
end is still being synthesized. In prokaryotes, which is taking place while RNA is being
,synthesized? - ✔✔Translation beginning at the 5' end while the 3' end is being
synthesized
✔✔What would be the effect of a drug that altered the structure of allolactose so that it
was unable to bind to the regulator protein? - ✔✔The drug would prevent the individual
from digesting lactose
✔✔All of the following are true of a single peptide EXCEPT: - ✔✔Signal peptides
determine when a protein is exposed
✔✔True about a single peptide - ✔✔signal peptides determine where a protein should
be transported
signal peptides can be combined
a signal peptide is removed after it serves its function
SRPs bind to the signal peptide
✔✔An adaptive allele A arises in a population such that AA individuals leave 10% more
offspring AA+ individuals leaves 5% more offspring, and A+A+ individuals leave normal
numbers of offspring. What is the probability of fixation of allele A?
(neutral = 1/2N) - ✔✔.1
✔✔In bacterial plasmids, Ori is: - ✔✔Where DNA replication starts
✔✔Which of the following is evidence for secondary symbiosis? - ✔✔Nucleomorphs
✔✔An E. coli with the genotype, I+O-Z-/F'O+Z+ has low levels of lactose and low levels
of glucose. What would you expect this to produce? - ✔✔low expression of LacZ
✔✔The "sticky ends" generated by restriction enzymes allow: - ✔✔pieces of DNA from
different sources to hybridize
✔✔An increase in the inbreeding coefficient is likely to result in - ✔✔reduced likelihood
of heterozygotes being present in a population
✔✔Which of the following is not a cis regulatory element? - ✔✔lacl
✔✔The polyA tail on a eukaryotic mRNA - ✔✔
✔✔Several features of Gregor Mendel's experiments on plant breeding and patterns of
inheritance distinguished his work from that of his contemporaries. Which of the
following was a critical experimental innovation employed by Mendel that distinguished
his experiments from those of his contemporaries? - ✔✔Mendel performed controlled
crosses with pure-breeding strains.
,✔✔Many of Mendel's experiments involved crosses in which the sexes of the pure-
breeding parents were switched. In each case he observed an F1 with the same
phenotype. These pairs of experimental crosses are known as _______. - ✔✔reciprocal
crosses
✔✔Mendel's law of segregation predicts the following specific phenotypic ratios among
the F1 and F2 progeny from crosses between two pure-breeding parents for a single
trait (e.g., yellow vs. green peas). - ✔✔F1 1:0 F2 3:1
✔✔Based on the law of segregation, what proportion of the F2 plants would be
expected to produce F3 progeny phenotypes in a ratio of 3 dominant : 1 recessive? -
✔✔1/2
✔✔Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, what phenotypic ratios are
expected among the F2 progeny from a dihybrid cross such as the one illustrated in
figure above? - ✔✔9:3:3:1
✔✔How many different combinations of alleles are possible among the gametes
produced by an individual that is heterozygous for three separate genes? - ✔✔Eight
✔✔In pedigree analysis, which of the following is a hallmark of an autosomal recessive
disorder? - ✔✔Individuals who have the disease are commonly born to normal
(unaffected) parents.
✔✔The field of genetics has demonstrated that both molecular and transmission
genetics characterize the same hereditary processes at different levels. For example,
the wrinkled seed phenotype used by Mendel results from a defect in the gene that
encodes which of the following products? - ✔✔starch-branching enzyme
✔✔In the early 1900s, scientists noted that chromosome movements during cell division
in reproductive cells mirrored the patterns of inheritance described by Mendel. These
results and others confirmed that Mendel's hereditary units (genes) were located on
chromosomes. The sum total of chromosomes in an organism constitute its
__________, whereas the organism's observable traits constitute its __________. -
✔✔genotype; phenotype
✔✔Which domain(s) of life include(s) multicellular organisms? - ✔✔Eukarya
✔✔Watson and Crick derived their model of DNA structure not from their own laboratory
research but rather through the analysis and interpretation of experimental data
generated by others, such as Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins.
Which of the following provides evidence that DNA nucleotides are arranged as
complementary base pairs? - ✔✔Percentages of adenine and thymine are
, approximately equal to one another, and the percentages of cytosine and guanine are
approximately equal to one another.
✔✔What type of bonds holds the two strands of DNA together through the formation of
complementary base pairs? - ✔✔Hydrogen bonds
✔✔Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT true? - ✔✔A new
DNA strand is synthesized with the same polarity (5′ and 3′ ends) as the template
strand
✔✔What is a promoter? - ✔✔A DNA sequence that specifies the start site for
transcription
✔✔The genetic code consists of a total of how many different codons? - ✔✔64
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes of evolution that lead to
changes in the frequency of alleles in a population over time? - ✔✔sexual reproduction
✔✔A recessive allele that results in a complete loss of gene function is known as which
of the following types of mutation? - ✔✔Amorphic
✔✔Consider a recessive mutation that results in a complete loss of gene function. If
heterozygous individuals (mutant/wild-type) are phenotypically wild-type, then the wild-
type allele would be described as being __________ - ✔✔haplosufficient
✔✔What types of mutants commonly result from regulatory mutations that increase the
rate of transcription of a gene? - ✔✔Hypermorphi
✔✔If two alleles of a gene (T1 & T2) are incompletely dominant, then selfing individuals
that are heterozygous for these two alleles will produce what phenotypic ratios among
the progeny? - ✔✔1:2:1
✔✔The H antigen that directs the formation of ABO blood groups in humans depends
on the activity of the final enzyme product of the H gene. Which of the following best
describes the type of molecule on the surface of red blood cells that is responsible for
the determination of ABO blood type? - ✔✔glycolipid
✔✔In 1905, Lucien Cuenot observed that crosses between two yellow mice consistently
produced progeny ratios of two yellow : one agouti (wild-type). What is the explanation
for the observed 2:1 phenotype ratio? - ✔✔The yellow allele is a recessive lethal.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Which statement is correct? - ✔✔linked genes are always syntenic
✔✔What is the relative distance (in cM) of two unlinked genes. - ✔✔50 cM
✔✔You are screening a population of 350 island sheep for coat color, and you count
100 black sheep and 250 white sheep. What is p, frequency of the "black" allele of the
TYRP1 gene? Crossing true breeding black sheep with true breeding white sheep
always results in 100% black sheep. - ✔✔p= 0.1548
✔✔In the same population, if it is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, howe many
individuals do you expect to be heterozygous at TYRP1? - ✔✔92
✔✔You come back after the population has gone through one generation, and count
445 white sheep and 208 black sheep. What is the EXPECTED number of
heterozygotes in the new generation, if this population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium?
- ✔✔171
✔✔What is the OBSERVED number of heterozygotes in the new generation? - ✔✔188
✔✔Using the same logic, you get the expected and observed number of homozygotes
in the new generation, and run a x^2 test. You find your p-value is 0.8377. What can
you say about this population? - ✔✔This population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
the TYRP1 locus: the TYRP1 is not experiencing any force of evolution.
✔✔In which of these populations in Natural Selection more likely to occur? - ✔✔A large
population with high phenotypic variation
✔✔In eukaryotes, processing (capping, splicing) is taking place at the 5' end while the 3'
end is still being synthesized. In prokaryotes, which is taking place while RNA is being
,synthesized? - ✔✔Translation beginning at the 5' end while the 3' end is being
synthesized
✔✔What would be the effect of a drug that altered the structure of allolactose so that it
was unable to bind to the regulator protein? - ✔✔The drug would prevent the individual
from digesting lactose
✔✔All of the following are true of a single peptide EXCEPT: - ✔✔Signal peptides
determine when a protein is exposed
✔✔True about a single peptide - ✔✔signal peptides determine where a protein should
be transported
signal peptides can be combined
a signal peptide is removed after it serves its function
SRPs bind to the signal peptide
✔✔An adaptive allele A arises in a population such that AA individuals leave 10% more
offspring AA+ individuals leaves 5% more offspring, and A+A+ individuals leave normal
numbers of offspring. What is the probability of fixation of allele A?
(neutral = 1/2N) - ✔✔.1
✔✔In bacterial plasmids, Ori is: - ✔✔Where DNA replication starts
✔✔Which of the following is evidence for secondary symbiosis? - ✔✔Nucleomorphs
✔✔An E. coli with the genotype, I+O-Z-/F'O+Z+ has low levels of lactose and low levels
of glucose. What would you expect this to produce? - ✔✔low expression of LacZ
✔✔The "sticky ends" generated by restriction enzymes allow: - ✔✔pieces of DNA from
different sources to hybridize
✔✔An increase in the inbreeding coefficient is likely to result in - ✔✔reduced likelihood
of heterozygotes being present in a population
✔✔Which of the following is not a cis regulatory element? - ✔✔lacl
✔✔The polyA tail on a eukaryotic mRNA - ✔✔
✔✔Several features of Gregor Mendel's experiments on plant breeding and patterns of
inheritance distinguished his work from that of his contemporaries. Which of the
following was a critical experimental innovation employed by Mendel that distinguished
his experiments from those of his contemporaries? - ✔✔Mendel performed controlled
crosses with pure-breeding strains.
,✔✔Many of Mendel's experiments involved crosses in which the sexes of the pure-
breeding parents were switched. In each case he observed an F1 with the same
phenotype. These pairs of experimental crosses are known as _______. - ✔✔reciprocal
crosses
✔✔Mendel's law of segregation predicts the following specific phenotypic ratios among
the F1 and F2 progeny from crosses between two pure-breeding parents for a single
trait (e.g., yellow vs. green peas). - ✔✔F1 1:0 F2 3:1
✔✔Based on the law of segregation, what proportion of the F2 plants would be
expected to produce F3 progeny phenotypes in a ratio of 3 dominant : 1 recessive? -
✔✔1/2
✔✔Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, what phenotypic ratios are
expected among the F2 progeny from a dihybrid cross such as the one illustrated in
figure above? - ✔✔9:3:3:1
✔✔How many different combinations of alleles are possible among the gametes
produced by an individual that is heterozygous for three separate genes? - ✔✔Eight
✔✔In pedigree analysis, which of the following is a hallmark of an autosomal recessive
disorder? - ✔✔Individuals who have the disease are commonly born to normal
(unaffected) parents.
✔✔The field of genetics has demonstrated that both molecular and transmission
genetics characterize the same hereditary processes at different levels. For example,
the wrinkled seed phenotype used by Mendel results from a defect in the gene that
encodes which of the following products? - ✔✔starch-branching enzyme
✔✔In the early 1900s, scientists noted that chromosome movements during cell division
in reproductive cells mirrored the patterns of inheritance described by Mendel. These
results and others confirmed that Mendel's hereditary units (genes) were located on
chromosomes. The sum total of chromosomes in an organism constitute its
__________, whereas the organism's observable traits constitute its __________. -
✔✔genotype; phenotype
✔✔Which domain(s) of life include(s) multicellular organisms? - ✔✔Eukarya
✔✔Watson and Crick derived their model of DNA structure not from their own laboratory
research but rather through the analysis and interpretation of experimental data
generated by others, such as Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins.
Which of the following provides evidence that DNA nucleotides are arranged as
complementary base pairs? - ✔✔Percentages of adenine and thymine are
, approximately equal to one another, and the percentages of cytosine and guanine are
approximately equal to one another.
✔✔What type of bonds holds the two strands of DNA together through the formation of
complementary base pairs? - ✔✔Hydrogen bonds
✔✔Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT true? - ✔✔A new
DNA strand is synthesized with the same polarity (5′ and 3′ ends) as the template
strand
✔✔What is a promoter? - ✔✔A DNA sequence that specifies the start site for
transcription
✔✔The genetic code consists of a total of how many different codons? - ✔✔64
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes of evolution that lead to
changes in the frequency of alleles in a population over time? - ✔✔sexual reproduction
✔✔A recessive allele that results in a complete loss of gene function is known as which
of the following types of mutation? - ✔✔Amorphic
✔✔Consider a recessive mutation that results in a complete loss of gene function. If
heterozygous individuals (mutant/wild-type) are phenotypically wild-type, then the wild-
type allele would be described as being __________ - ✔✔haplosufficient
✔✔What types of mutants commonly result from regulatory mutations that increase the
rate of transcription of a gene? - ✔✔Hypermorphi
✔✔If two alleles of a gene (T1 & T2) are incompletely dominant, then selfing individuals
that are heterozygous for these two alleles will produce what phenotypic ratios among
the progeny? - ✔✔1:2:1
✔✔The H antigen that directs the formation of ABO blood groups in humans depends
on the activity of the final enzyme product of the H gene. Which of the following best
describes the type of molecule on the surface of red blood cells that is responsible for
the determination of ABO blood type? - ✔✔glycolipid
✔✔In 1905, Lucien Cuenot observed that crosses between two yellow mice consistently
produced progeny ratios of two yellow : one agouti (wild-type). What is the explanation
for the observed 2:1 phenotype ratio? - ✔✔The yellow allele is a recessive lethal.
